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Constitutive somatostatin receptor subtype-3 signaling suppresses growth hormone synthesis.

ABSTRACT: Somatostatin signals through somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR) 2 and 5 to attenuate GH secretion. Although expressed in normal pituitary glands and in GH-secreting pituitary tumors, SSTR3 function was unclear, and we have now determined the role of SSTR3 in somatotroph function. Stable rat pituitary tumor cell (GC) transfectants of human SSTR3 (GpSSTR3(WT)) showed suppression of rat (r) GH promoter activity, GH mRNA expression, and secreted GH concordant with suppressed cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. In contrast, cAMP levels and GH expression were unchanged in cells expressing a mutant SSTR3 DRY motif (GpSSTR3(R141A)). GH expression was rescued by treatment of GpSSTR3(WT) with forskolin and 8-bromo-cAMP. GpSSTR3(WT) exhibited activation of glycogen synthase kinase3-? (GSK3-?), a PKA substrate, which was also reversed by 8-Bromo-cAMP treatment. Moreover, SSTR3-dependent GH transcriptional inhibition was rescued by inhibition of GSK3-?. GpSSTR3(WT) exhibited elevated Pit-1 serine phosphorylation and decreased Pit-1 occupancy of the rGH promoter with sustained Pit-1 expression. GSK3-? and Pit-1 physically interacted with each other, indicating that Pit-1 may be a GSK3-? phosphorylation substrate. In conclusion, constitutive SSTR3 activity mediates transcriptional repression of GH through cAMP/PKA, leading to subsequent activation of GSK3-? and increased Pit-1 phosphorylation and ultimately attenuating Pit-1 binding to the rGH promoter.

SUBMITTER: Eigler T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3968402 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Constitutive somatostatin receptor subtype-3 signaling suppresses growth hormone synthesis.

Eigler Tamar T Ben-Shlomo Anat A Zhou Cuiqi C Khalafi Ramtin R Ren Song-Guang SG Melmed Shlomo S

Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 20140225 4

Somatostatin signals through somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR) 2 and 5 to attenuate GH secretion. Although expressed in normal pituitary glands and in GH-secreting pituitary tumors, SSTR3 function was unclear, and we have now determined the role of SSTR3 in somatotroph function. Stable rat pituitary tumor cell (GC) transfectants of human SSTR3 (GpSSTR3(WT)) showed suppression of rat (r) GH promoter activity, GH mRNA expression, and secreted GH concordant with suppressed cAMP/protein kinase A ...[more]

PMID: 24606125

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Project description:GUCY2C is the intestinal receptor for the paracrine hormones guanylin and uroguanylin that converts guanosine-5'-triphosphate to cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). It functions as a tumor suppressor; its loss disrupts intestinal homeostasis and promotes tumorigenesis. We investigated the effects of GUCY2C loss on intestinal cell proliferation, metabolism, signaling, and tumorigenesis in mice.Intestinal cell proliferation and metabolism were examined in Gucy2c(-/-) and colon cancer cells by microscopy, immunoblot, and functional analyses. Microarray analyses compared gene expression profiles of intestine cell from Gucy2c(-/-) and wild-type mice. v akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) regulation and signaling were examined, and the role of AKT in GUCY2C-dependent tumorigenesis was defined in Gucy2c(-/-)Akt1(-/-) mice.The size and number of intestinal crypts increased in Gucy2c(-/-) mice; the associated epithelial cells showed accelerated proliferation, increased glycolysis, and reduced oxidative phosphorylation, which was reversed by oral administration of cGMP. Conversely, activating guanylyl cyclase C in human colon cancer cells delayed cell-cycle progression, decreased DNA synthesis and colony formation, reduced glycolysis, and increased mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production. AKT signaling pathways were activated in intestines of Gucy2c(-/-) mice, associated with increased AKT phosphorylation. Disruption of AKT activity, pharmacologically or genetically, reduced DNA synthesis, proliferation, and glycolysis, and increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Intestinal tumorigenesis increased after administration of azoxymethane to Gucy2c(-/-) mice, compared with wild-type mice, but was eliminated in Gucy2c(-/-)Akt1(-/-) mice.GUCY2C is a tumor suppressor that controls proliferation and metabolism of intestinal epithelial cells by inactivating AKT signaling. This receptor and its ligands, which are paracrine hormones, might be novel candidates for anticolorectal cancer therapy.

Dataset Information

Constitutive somatostatin receptor subtype-3 signaling suppresses growth hormone synthesis.

Publications

Constitutive somatostatin receptor subtype-3 signaling suppresses growth hormone synthesis.

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