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Shallow breathing: bacterial life at low O(2).

ABSTRACT: Competition for molecular oxygen (O(2)) among respiratory microorganisms is intense because O(2) is a potent electron acceptor. This competition leads to the formation of microoxic environments wherever microorganisms congregate in aquatic, terrestrial and host-associated communities. Bacteria can harvest O(2) present at low, even nanomolar, concentrations using high-affinity terminal oxidases. Here, we report the results of surveys searching for high-affinity terminal oxidase genes in sequenced bacterial genomes and shotgun metagenomes. The results indicate that bacteria with the potential to respire under microoxic conditions are phylogenetically diverse and intriguingly widespread in nature. We explore the implications of these findings by highlighting the importance of microaerobic metabolism in host-associated bacteria related to health and disease.

SUBMITTER: Morris RL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3969821 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Shallow breathing: bacterial life at low O(2).

Morris Rachel L RL Schmidt Thomas M TM

Nature reviews. Microbiology 20130301 3

Competition for molecular oxygen (O(2)) among respiratory microorganisms is intense because O(2) is a potent electron acceptor. This competition leads to the formation of microoxic environments wherever microorganisms congregate in aquatic, terrestrial and host-associated communities. Bacteria can harvest O(2) present at low, even nanomolar, concentrations using high-affinity terminal oxidases. Here, we report the results of surveys searching for high-affinity terminal oxidase genes in sequenced ...[more]

PMID: 23411864

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Project description:BackgroundLeft-sided post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) certainly precedes some radiation dose to the cardiopulmonary organs causing many side effects. To reduce the cardiopulmonary dose, we created a new option of the breathing adapted technique by using abdominal compression applied with a patient in deep inspiration phase utilizing shallow breathing. This study aimed to compare the use of abdominal compression with shallow breathing (ACSB) with the free breathing (FB) technique in the left-sided PMRT.Materials and methodsTwenty left-sided breast cancer patients scheduled for PMRT were enrolled. CT simulation was performed with ACSB and FB technique in each patient. All treatment plans were created on a TomoTherapy planning station. The target volume and dose, cardiopulmonary organ volume and dose were analyzed. A linear correlation between cardiopulmonary organ volumes and doses were also tested.ResultsRegarding the target volumes and dose coverage, there were no significant differences between ACSB and FB technique. For organs at risk, using ACSB resulted in a significant decrease in mean (9.17 vs 9.81 Gy, p<0.0001) and maximum heart dose (43.79 vs 45.45 Gy, p = 0.0144) along with significant reductions in most of the evaluated volumetric parameters. LAD doses were also significantly reduced by ACSB with mean dose 19.24 vs 21.85 Gy (p = 0.0036) and the dose to 2% of the volume (D2%) 34.46 vs 37.33 Gy (p = 0.0174) for ACSB and FB technique, respectively. On the contrary, the lung dose metrics did not show any differences except the mean V5 of ipsilateral lung. The positive correlations were found between increasing the whole lung volume and mean heart dose (p = 0.05) as well as mean LAD dose (p = 0.041) reduction.ConclusionsThe ACSB technique significantly reduced the cardiac dose compared with the FB technique in left-sided PMRT treated by Helical TomoTherapy. Our technique is uncomplicated, well-tolerated, and can be applied in limited resource center.

Dataset Information

Shallow breathing: bacterial life at low O(2).

Publications

Shallow breathing: bacterial life at low O(2).

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