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Prevalence and molecular analysis of occult hepatitis B virus infection isolated in a sample of cryptogenic cirrhosis patients in iran.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:The aims of this study are to investigate the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection among patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis and to analyze the relationship between surface protein variability and occult hepatitis B virus infection, which may be related to the pathogenesis of occult hepatitis B virus infection in cryptogenic cirrhosis. Occult hepatitis B virus infection is a well-recognized clinical entity characterized by the detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and/or liver in the absence of detectable hepatitis B virus surface antigen, with or without any serological markers of a past infection. METHODS:Sera from patients with cryptogenic chronic liver disease were tested for hepatitis B virus DNA using both real-time and nested PCR. In the detected hepatitis B virus DNA samples, the surface gene was analyzed for mutations. RESULTS:Hepatitis B virus DNA was detected in 38% of patients, all of whom had a viral load below 10,000 copies/mL. All hepatitis B virus belonged to genotype D. There were no significant associations between occult hepatitis B virus infection status and age, gender, ALT/AST levels, viral load or serologic markers of previous hepatitis B virus infection. There were 14 mutations found in 5 patients; 6 were in the major hydrophilic region, of which 4 were Y134F assigning for the "a" determinant region. All patients who acquired Y134F contained S207R (within HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitope) as a combination. CONCLUSION:Hepatitis B virus surface antigen variants may arise as a result of natural selection to evade the immune surveillance of the infected host, and subsequently may go undetected by conventional hepatitis B virus surface antigen screening tests. Etiological diagnosis of cryptogenic cirrhosis is significantly underestimated with current serology testing methods alone.

SUBMITTER: Anvari FA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3976723 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prevalence and molecular analysis of occult hepatitis B virus infection isolated in a sample of cryptogenic cirrhosis patients in iran.

Anvari Fatemeh Akhavan FA Alavian Seyed Moayyed SM Norouzi Mehdi M Mahabadi Mostafa M Jazayeri Seyed Mohammad SM

Oman medical journal 20140301 2

<h4>Objectives</h4>The aims of this study are to investigate the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection among patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis and to analyze the relationship between surface protein variability and occult hepatitis B virus infection, which may be related to the pathogenesis of occult hepatitis B virus infection in cryptogenic cirrhosis. Occult hepatitis B virus infection is a well-recognized clinical entity characterized by the detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in ...[more]

PMID: 24715933

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Project description:BACKGROUND:The SEN virus (SENV) is a prevalent blood borne pathogen that has a worldwide incidence. SENV is comprised of eight genotypes; genotypes H and D are frequently associated with the pathogenesis of non-A - E hepatitis and post-transfusion hepatitis in blood donors and hepatitis patients. So far, no SENV pathogenesis has been reported in the liver biopsies of SENV carriers, but the frequency of SENV and its related genotypes requires further molecular epidemiology studies in different regions of the world. Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is another global public health problem that is primarily transmitted via blood transfusions. Therefore, the identification of OBI among blood donors is key to preventing the spread of this disease. The relationship between SENV and OBI requires further evaluation. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SENV-D and SENV-H in blood donors in Ahvaz city with a particular focus on co-infection with OBI. PATIENTS AND METHODS:This study had a cross-sectional design and included 184 healthy consecutive blood donors who visited a blood transfusion center in Ahvaz city from October-November 2013. The sera of all blood donors negative for HBsAg, anti-HCV antibody, and anti-HIV antibody were tested for SENV-D and SENV-H using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, tests for HBV DNA (PCR), HBcIgG (ELISA), liver function (aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase), and alkaline phosphatase were carried out. RESULTS:Liver function tests in the healthy blood donors were within the normal range. The incidence rates of SENV-D and SENV-H in the 184 total blood donors were 10 (5.4%) (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1% - 9.0%) and 32 (17.4%) cases (95% CI: 12.0% - 23.0%), respectively. SENV-H/D co-infection occurred in 2 (1.1%) patients. The sera of 8/184 (4.3%) were positive for anti-HBc antibody but negative for HBV DNA. CONCLUSIONS:Regardless of the presence of nonpathogenic SENV, 44/184 (24%) blood donors tested positive for both SENV-D and SENV-H. Although 4.3% of blood donors were positive for HBcIgG but negative for HBV DNA, the presence of OBI cannot be ruled out unless their liver biopsies show negative for HBV DNA.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Street children are forced to spend a lot of time away from their homes and some of them do not have homes at all, due to economic and family problems, which makes them exposed to many health problems, such as the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Iran, like many other countries in the world, experiences the burden of street children, however, the rate of HCV among street children is virtually unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HCV among street children in Iran. MAIN BODY:This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The study protocol of this review was registered in PROSPERO under identification term CRD42018082336. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify published studies reporting on the prevalence of HCV among street children in Iran. Several international scholarly databases, including Web of Science, PubMed®/MEDLINE®, Embase, Scopus®, Google Scholar and Directory of Open Access Journals, as well as Iranian databases such as MagIran and Barakathns were searched. Studies published between 1988 and December 2017 with any of the following keywords were selected: (street OR homeless OR labour) AND (children OR child OR infant) AND (hepatitis C OR hepatitis C virus OR HCV OR viral hepatitis OR hepatitis OR hepacivirus) AND Iran. Moreover, a grey literature search was performed in order to obtain other potentially relevant studies. The search was carried out without any language restrictions. Four studies, surveying a total of 1691 street children, conducted between 2006 and 2017 were found to be eligible for inclusion in the review and therefore analysed. Three studies were conducted in Tehran and one in Isfahan. The prevalence of HCV among street children in Iran was found to be high, at 2.4% (95% CI: 1.8-3.3). CONCLUSIONS:Since the prevalence of HCV among street children in Iran is quite high, health decision- and policy-makers should pay more attention to street children and widen support channels, both social and economic. Further studies should be conducted among street children in different cities of Iran to add to the knowledge base of HCV among street children in the country. The health system should provide facilities for street children to be screened to quickly diagnose illnesses and prevent them from developing complications.

Dataset Information

Prevalence and molecular analysis of occult hepatitis B virus infection isolated in a sample of cryptogenic cirrhosis patients in iran.

Publications

Prevalence and molecular analysis of occult hepatitis B virus infection isolated in a sample of cryptogenic cirrhosis patients in iran.

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