Nitrogen isotope fractionation by alternative nitrogenases and past ocean anoxia.

ABSTRACT: Biological nitrogen fixation constitutes the main input of fixed nitrogen to Earth's ecosystems, and its isotope effect is a key parameter in isotope-based interpretations of the N cycle. The nitrogen isotopic composition (?(15)N) of newly fixed N is currently believed to be ?-1‰, based on measurements of organic matter from diazotrophs using molybdenum (Mo)-nitrogenases. We show that the vanadium (V)- and iron (Fe)-only "alternative" nitrogenases produce fixed N with significantly lower ?(15)N (-6 to -7‰). An important contribution of alternative nitrogenases to N2 fixation provides a simple explanation for the anomalously low ?(15)N (<-2‰) in sediments from the Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events and the Archean Eon. A significant role for the alternative nitrogenases over Mo-nitrogenase is also consistent with evidence of Mo scarcity during these geologic periods, suggesting an additional dimension to the coupling between the global cycles of trace elements and nitrogen.

SUBMITTER: Zhang X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3977277 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature