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Cultural diversity and saccade similarities: culture does not explain saccade latency differences between Chinese and Caucasian participants.

ABSTRACT: A central claim of cultural neuroscience is that the culture to which an individual belongs plays a key role in shaping basic cognitive processes and behaviours, including eye movement behaviour. We previously reported a robust difference in saccade behaviour between Chinese and Caucasian participants; Chinese participants are much more likely to execute low latency express saccades, in circumstances in which these are normally discouraged. To assess the extent to which this is the product of culture we compared a group of 70 Chinese overseas students (whose primary cultural exposure was that of mainland China), a group of 45 participants whose parents were Chinese but who themselves were brought up in the UK (whose primary cultural exposure was western European) and a group of 70 Caucasian participants. Results from the Schwartz Value Survey confirmed that the UK-Chinese group were culturally similar to the Caucasian group. However, their patterns of saccade latency were identical to the mainland Chinese group, and different to the Caucasian group. We conclude that at least for the relatively simple reflexive saccade behaviour we have investigated, culture cannot explain the observed differences in behaviour.

SUBMITTER: Knox PC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3978040 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cultural diversity and saccade similarities: culture does not explain saccade latency differences between Chinese and Caucasian participants.

Knox Paul C PC Wolohan Felicity D A FD

PloS one 20140407 4

A central claim of cultural neuroscience is that the culture to which an individual belongs plays a key role in shaping basic cognitive processes and behaviours, including eye movement behaviour. We previously reported a robust difference in saccade behaviour between Chinese and Caucasian participants; Chinese participants are much more likely to execute low latency express saccades, in circumstances in which these are normally discouraged. To assess the extent to which this is the product of cu ...[more]

PMID: 24709988

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Project description:ObjectivesTo investigate the relationships between patient safety culture (PSC) dimensions and PSC self-reported outcomes across different cultures and to gain insights in cultural differences regarding PSC.DesignObservational, cross-sectional study.SettingNinety Belgian hospitals and 13 Palestinian hospitals.ParticipantsA total of 2836 healthcare professionals matched for profession, tenure and working hours.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe validated versions of the Belgian and Palestinian Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture were used. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha (?). In this study, we examined the specific predictive value of the PSC dimensions and its self-reported outcome measures across different cultures and countries. Hierarchical regression and bivariate analyses were performed.ResultsEight PSC dimensions and four PSC self-reported outcomes were distinguished in both countries. Cronbach's ? was ??0.60. Significant correlations were found between PSC dimensions and its self-reported outcome (p value range <0.05?to <0.001). Hierarchical regression analyses showed overall perception of safety was highly predicted by hospital management support in Palestine (?=0.16, p<0.001) and staffing in Belgium (?=0.24, p<0.001). The frequency of events was largely predicted by feedback and communication in both countries (Palestine: ?=0.24, p<0.001; Belgium: ?=0.35, p<0.001). Overall grade for patient safety was predicted by organisational learning in Palestine (?=0.19, p<0.001) and staffing in Belgium (?=0.19, p<0.001). Number of events reported was predicted by staffing in Palestine (?=-0.20, p<0.001) and feedback and communication in Belgium (?=0.11, p<0.01).ConclusionTo promote patient safety in Palestine and Belgium, staffing and communication regarding errors should be improved in both countries. Initiatives to improve hospital management support and establish constructive learning systems would be especially beneficial for patient safety in Palestine. Future research should address the association between safety culture and hard patient safety measures such as patient outcomes.

Dataset Information

Cultural diversity and saccade similarities: culture does not explain saccade latency differences between Chinese and Caucasian participants.

Publications

Cultural diversity and saccade similarities: culture does not explain saccade latency differences between Chinese and Caucasian participants.

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