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Adoptive T-cell transfer and chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of metastatic and/or locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: The outcomes for patients with metastatic or locally recurrent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain poor. Adoptive immunotherapy with EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (EBV-CTLs) has proven clinical efficacy, but it has never been evaluated in the first-line treatment setting in combination with chemotherapy. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a chemotherapy in combination with adoptive EBV-CTL transfer, we conducted a phase 2 clinical trial consisting of four cycles of gemcitabine and carboplatin (GC) followed by up to six doses of EBV-CTL. Thirty-eight patients were enrolled, and 35 received GC and EBV-CTL. GC-CTL therapy resulted in a response rate of 71.4% with 3 complete responses and 22 partial responses. With a median follow up of 29.9 months, the 2-year and 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 62.9 and 37.1%, respectively. Five patients did not require further chemotherapy for more than 34 months since initiation of CTL. Infusion of CTL products containing T cells specific for LMP2 positively correlated with OS (hazard ratio: 0.35; 95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.84; P = 0.014). Our study achieved one of the best survival outcomes in patients with advanced NPC, setting the stage for a future randomized study of chemotherapy with and without EBV-CTL.

SUBMITTER: Chia WK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3978790 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Adoptive T-cell transfer and chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of metastatic and/or locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Chia Whay-Kuang WK Teo Marissa M Wang Who-Whong WW Lee Bernett B Ang Soo-Fan SF Tai Wai-Meng WM Chee Chit-Lai CL Ng Joanna J Kan Rebecca R Lim Wan-Teck WT Tan Sze-Huey SH Ong Whee-Sze WS Cheung Yin-Bun YB Tan Eng-Huat EH Connolly John E JE Gottschalk Stephen S Toh Han-Chong HC

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 20131017 1

The outcomes for patients with metastatic or locally recurrent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain poor. Adoptive immunotherapy with EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (EBV-CTLs) has proven clinical efficacy, but it has never been evaluated in the first-line treatment setting in combination with chemotherapy. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a chemotherapy in combination with adoptive EBV-CTL transfer, we conducted a phase 2 clinical trial consisting o ...[more]

PMID: 24297049

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Project description:BackgroundPlatinum-based chemotherapy is the standard of care as first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC); however, the prognosis of patients with RM-NPC remains poor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibody plus chemotherapy for RM-NPC.MethodsRM-NPC patients who received first-line chemotherapy plus an anti-EGFR antibody were recruited from Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center between July 2007 and November 2017. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method with a log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for the multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 203 patients were enrolled in the present study. The median follow-up time was 34.3 months (interquartile range: 19.7-66.5 months). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.9 months (95% CI: 7.7-10.0 months) and the median overall survival (OS) was 29.1 months (95% CI: 23.5-34.6 months). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFS and OS rates were 35.5% and 79.6%, 15.2% and 42.5%, and 11.6% and 23.6%, respectively. The objective response rate (ORR) was 67.5% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 91.1%. The multivariate analysis identified the following prognostic factors for PFS: anti-EGFR agent (P = .010), recurrence/metastasis sequence (P = .016), KPS (P = .017), and combined chemotherapy regimen (P = .015). Independent risk factors for OS included age >43 years (P = .002), Karnofsky performance score ≤80 (P < .001), and higher level of baseline Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA (P = .008). Leukopenia was the most common adverse event (AE) in this cohort (any grade, 84.2%; grades 3-4, 43.4%).ConclusionsAnti-EGFR antibody plus chemotherapy achieved promising antitumor activity with a tolerable toxicity profile in RM-NPC. Thus, randomized clinical trials are warranted to compare the efficacy of chemotherapy with or without anti-EGFR antibody in these patients.

Project description:Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a frequently diagnosed tumor and an important cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Until a few years ago, despite the unquestioned role of platinum-based chemotherapy, therapeutic choices beyond the first line were limited and related to unsatisfactory outcomes. Metastatic UC has always been associated with a poor prognosis, with overall survival only slightly above a year. In the recent past, huge progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular and genomic disease characteristics, to enable stratification of patients in terms of prognosis and treatment responses. Unfortunately, we still do not have the perfect combination of clinical biomarkers to tailor the optimal treatment for each patient, despite making several efforts in this direction. The therapeutic arsenal has been augmented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which nowadays represent the backbone of the second-line setting. Equally revolutionary was the FDA's approval of erdafitinib, a potent fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor, the use of which is reserved for patients whose tumor harbors specific FGF pathway alterations. Recently, the therapeutic landscape of metastatic UC has been enhanced by the introduction of novel compounds, consisting of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Enfortumab vedotin is an antibody targeting nectin-4, a cell adhesion molecule highly expressed in UC, conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), a microtubule-disrupting agent. Sacituzumab govitecan is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting Trop-2, a transmembrane glycoprotein, conjugated to the active metabolite of irinotecan. These two compounds have received accelerated approval by the FDA in patients pretreated with platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Several ongoing trials are investigating the role of ICIs combined with chemotherapy, antiangiogenic drugs, or other ICIs, as well as the efficacy of PARP inhibitors and target therapies, hoping to provide information for some important unmet needs. In this review, we aim to evaluate the current potential treatment options after first-line chemotherapy.

Project description:PurposeConcurrent chemo radiotherapy (CCRT) has been the standard of care in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) for many years. The role of induction chemotherapy (ICT) has always been controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the value of adding ICT to CCRT in LA-NPC.Materials and methodsTwo reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ICT followed by CCRT versus CCRT alone, including treatment-naive adult patients with histologically proven nonmetastatic LA-NPC.ResultsEight RCTs with in total 2,384 randomized patients, of whom 69% had N2-N3 disease, were selected. ICT was the allocated treatment in 1,200 patients, of whom 1,161 actually received this. Treatment compliance varied, with a median rate of 92% (range, 86%-100%) of patients receiving all cycles of ICT. The percentage of patients completing radiotherapy was 96% and 95% [(Combined Risk difference(CRD)= 0.004; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.001-0.01; p = 0.14)] in the ICT group and CCRT group, respectively, whereas chemotherapy during radiotherapy could be completed in only 28% of the ICT group versus 61% in the CCRT group (CRD, -0.243; 95% CI, -0.403 to -0.083; p = .003). Grade 3-4 acute toxicity was mostly hematologic during the ICT phase (496 events vs. 191 nonhematologic) and was predominant in the ICT group (1,596 events vs. 1,073 in the CCRT alone group) during the CCRT. Adding ICT to CCRT provided a significant benefit in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.680; 95% CI, 0.511-0.905; p = .001) and progression-free survival (HR, 0.657; 95% CI, 0.568-0.760; p < .001).ConclusionAlthough ICT followed by CCRT is associated with more acute toxicity and a lower compliance of the chemotherapy during the CCRT phase, this association resulted in a clinically meaningful survival benefit. ICT should be considered as a standard option in patients with LA-NPC, but further study on optimal patient selection for this treatment is warranted.Implications for practiceLocally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) is a relatively common disease in some parts of the world, with a rather poor prognosis due to its high metastatic potential. The role of induction chemotherapy (ICT) has always been controversial. This meta-analysis found that ICT followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in LA-NPC is associated with a significant clinical improvement in both overall survival and progression-free survival compared with CCRT alone. ICT should be considered as a standard option in patients with LA-NPC.

Dataset Information

Adoptive T-cell transfer and chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of metastatic and/or locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Publications

Adoptive T-cell transfer and chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of metastatic and/or locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

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