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The phylogenetic position of Anaplasma bovis and inferences on the phylogeny of the genus Anaplasma.

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to determine the complete citrate synthase (gltA) and heat-shock protein (groEL) gene sequences of Anaplasma bovis and to infer phylogenetic relationships within the genus Anaplasma. Multiple alignments from single and concatenated sequences of the 16S rRNA, gltA and groEL genes of the genus Anaplasma were subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Percent identities of A. bovis nucleotide sequences were found highest with A. phagocytophilum in gltA (65.4%) and groEL (79.8%). Single gene phylogenetic tree results assumed similar phylogenetic positions within the genus Anaplasma, except for A. bovis. However, consensus and concatenated sequence phylogenetic trees showed similar results, revealing 2 subgroups within the genus.

SUBMITTER: Ybanez AP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3982816 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The phylogenetic position of Anaplasma bovis and inferences on the phylogeny of the genus Anaplasma.

Ybañez Adrian Patalinghug AP Sashika Mariko M Inokuma Hisashi H

The Journal of veterinary medical science 20131101 2

The present study aimed to determine the complete citrate synthase (gltA) and heat-shock protein (groEL) gene sequences of Anaplasma bovis and to infer phylogenetic relationships within the genus Anaplasma. Multiple alignments from single and concatenated sequences of the 16S rRNA, gltA and groEL genes of the genus Anaplasma were subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Percent identities of A. bovis nucleotide sequences were found highest with A. phagocytophilum in gltA (65.4%) and groEL (79.8%). Si ...[more]

PMID: 24189581

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Project description:BackgroundUnderstanding how biodiversity is shaped through time is a fundamental question in biology. Even though tropical rain forests (TRF) represent the most diverse terrestrial biomes on the planet, the timing, location and mechanisms of their diversification remain poorly understood. Molecular phylogenies are valuable tools for exploring these issues, but to date most studies have focused only on recent time scales, which minimises their explanatory potential. In order to provide a long-term view of TRF diversification, we constructed the first complete genus-level dated phylogeny of a largely TRF-restricted plant family with a known history dating back to the Cretaceous. Palms (Arecaceae/Palmae) are one of the most characteristic and ecologically important components of TRF worldwide, and represent a model group for the investigation of TRF evolution.ResultsWe provide evidence that diversification of extant lineages of palms started during the mid-Cretaceous period about 100 million years ago. Ancestral biome and area reconstructions for the whole family strongly support the hypothesis that palms diversified in a TRF-like environment at northern latitudes. Finally, our results suggest that palms conform to a constant diversification model (the 'museum' model or Yule process), at least until the Neogene, with no evidence for any change in diversification rates even through the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction event.ConclusionsBecause palms are restricted to TRF and assuming biome conservatism over time, our results suggest the presence of a TRF-like biome in the mid-Cretaceous period of Laurasia, consistent with controversial fossil evidence of the earliest TRF. Throughout its history, the TRF biome is thought to have been highly dynamic and to have fluctuated greatly in extent, but it has persisted even during climatically unfavourable periods. This may have allowed old lineages to survive and contribute to the steady accumulation of diversity over time. In contrast to other plant studies, our results suggest that ancient and steady evolutionary processes dating back to the mid-Cretaceous period can contribute, at least in part, to present day species richness in TRF.

Project description:Since the description of the Neotropical genus Vargasiella in 1952, its taxonomic position has remained unclear, mainly due to a lack of sufficient data. In this study, the taxonomic position of Vargasiella was revised based on the outcomes of macro- and micromorphological studies, analyses of selected molecular markers and ecological methods of niche distribution modeling. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred using three DNA markers: matK, trnL-F and ITS sequences. The morphological studies included the analysis of macromorphological features of herbarium specimens as well as micromorphological examination of preserved flowers. The ecological niche modeling was applied to identify the distribution of the suitable niches of the studied taxa. The relationships between Vargasiella and most similar taxa remain unresolved based on the molecular analysis. The outcomes from the morphological studies indicated significant differences between Vargasiella, Warrea and Warreopsis. Moreover, a niche shift in response to changing climate after the last glacial maximum is observed in Vargasiella, while no substantial changes in the occupied habitats were identified in the other related taxa. The clocktree of the Zygopetaleae estimated from the matK gene indicated that the most recent common ancestors of Vargasiella, Warrea and Warreopsis originated in the Miocene, while the divergence time for Vargasiella and Warrea was assessed at approximately 5.4 Ma ago. Vargasiella seems to be an outshoot of the main branch of evolution of the Zygopetaleae. It is noteworthy that the Vargasiella-Warrea dichotomy could have taken place later than the divergence of Warreopsis from the mutual lineage. The molecular analysis and morphological data suggest that Vargasiella and Warrea could have evolved from a common ancestor. Accumulation of morphological differences and acceleration of the evolution of Vargasiella were more intensive than in other Warreinae and this could probably be synchronized with adaptation to different climatic conditions.

Dataset Information

The phylogenetic position of Anaplasma bovis and inferences on the phylogeny of the genus Anaplasma.

Publications

The phylogenetic position of Anaplasma bovis and inferences on the phylogeny of the genus Anaplasma.

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