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Controlled apoptosis by a thermally toggled nanoscale amplifier of cellular uptake.

ABSTRACT: Internalization into cancer cells is a significant challenge in the delivery of many anticancer therapeutics. Drug carriers can address this challenge by facilitating cellular uptake of cytotoxic cargo in the tumor, while preventing cellular uptake in healthy tissues. Here we describe an extrinsically controlled drug carrier, a nanopeptifier, that amplifies cellular uptake by modulating the activity of cell-penetrating peptides with thermally toggled self-assembly of a genetically encoded polypeptide nanoparticle. When appended with a proapoptotic peptide, the nanopeptifier creates a cytotoxic switch, inducing apoptosis only in its self-assembled state. The nanopeptifier provides a new approach to tune the cellular uptake and activity of anticancer therapeutics by an extrinsic thermal trigger.

SUBMITTER: MacEwan SR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3985949 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Controlled apoptosis by a thermally toggled nanoscale amplifier of cellular uptake.

MacEwan Sarah R SR Chilkoti Ashutosh A

Nano letters 20140319 4

Internalization into cancer cells is a significant challenge in the delivery of many anticancer therapeutics. Drug carriers can address this challenge by facilitating cellular uptake of cytotoxic cargo in the tumor, while preventing cellular uptake in healthy tissues. Here we describe an extrinsically controlled drug carrier, a nanopeptifier, that amplifies cellular uptake by modulating the activity of cell-penetrating peptides with thermally toggled self-assembly of a genetically encoded polype ...[more]

PMID: 24611762

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Project description:Macroautophagy (autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved recycling and stress response mechanism. Active at basal levels in eukaryotes, autophagy is upregulated under stress providing cells with building blocks such as amino acids. A lysosome-integrated sensor system composed of RRAG GTPases and MTOR complex 1 (MTORC1) regulates lysosome biogenesis and autophagy in response to amino acid availability. Stress-mediated inhibition of MTORC1 results in the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the TFE/MITF family of transcriptional factors, and triggers an autophagy- and lysosomal-related gene transcription program. The role of family members TFEB and TFE3 have been studied in detail, but the importance of MITF proteins in autophagy regulation is not clear so far. Here we introduce for the first time a specific role for MITF in autophagy control that involves upregulation of MIR211. We show that, under stress conditions including starvation and MTOR inhibition, a MITF-MIR211 axis constitutes a novel feed-forward loop that controls autophagic activity in cells. Direct targeting of the MTORC2 component RICTOR by MIR211 led to the inhibition of the MTORC1 pathway, further stimulating MITF translocation to the nucleus and completing an autophagy amplification loop. In line with a ubiquitous function, MITF and MIR211 were co-expressed in all tested cell lines and human tissues, and the effects on autophagy were observed in a cell-type independent manner. Thus, our study provides direct evidence that MITF has rate-limiting and specific functions in autophagy regulation. Collectively, the MITF-MIR211 axis constitutes a novel and universal autophagy amplification system that sustains autophagic activity under stress conditions. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AKT1S1/PRAS40: AKT1 substrate 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; BECN1: beclin 1; DEPTOR: DEP domain containing MTOR interacting protein; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAPKAP1/SIN1: mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1; MITF: melanogenesis associated transcription factor; MLST8: MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog; MRE: miRNA response element; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; MTORC2: MTOR complex 2; PRR5/Protor 1: proline rich 5; PRR5L/Protor 2: proline rich 5 like; RACK1: receptor for activated C kinase 1; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; RICTOR: RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2; RPS6KB/p70S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; RT-qPCR: quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TSC1/2: TSC complex subunit 1/2; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; VIM: vimentin; VPS11: VPS11, CORVET/HOPS core subunit; VPS18: VPS18, CORVET/HOPS core subunit; WIPI1: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1.

Dataset Information

Controlled apoptosis by a thermally toggled nanoscale amplifier of cellular uptake.

Publications

Controlled apoptosis by a thermally toggled nanoscale amplifier of cellular uptake.

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