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An Aboriginal Australian genome reveals separate human dispersals into Asia.


ABSTRACT: We present an Aboriginal Australian genomic sequence obtained from a 100-year-old lock of hair donated by an Aboriginal man from southern Western Australia in the early 20th century. We detect no evidence of European admixture and estimate contamination levels to be below 0.5%. We show that Aboriginal Australians are descendants of an early human dispersal into eastern Asia, possibly 62,000 to 75,000 years ago. This dispersal is separate from the one that gave rise to modern Asians 25,000 to 38,000 years ago. We also find evidence of gene flow between populations of the two dispersal waves prior to the divergence of Native Americans from modern Asian ancestors. Our findings support the hypothesis that present-day Aboriginal Australians descend from the earliest humans to occupy Australia, likely representing one of the oldest continuous populations outside Africa.

SUBMITTER: Rasmussen M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3991479 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An Aboriginal Australian genome reveals separate human dispersals into Asia.

Rasmussen Morten M   Guo Xiaosen X   Wang Yong Y   Lohmueller Kirk E KE   Rasmussen Simon S   Albrechtsen Anders A   Skotte Line L   Lindgreen Stinus S   Metspalu Mait M   Jombart Thibaut T   Kivisild Toomas T   Zhai Weiwei W   Eriksson Anders A   Manica Andrea A   Orlando Ludovic L   De La Vega Francisco M FM   Tridico Silvana S   Metspalu Ene E   Nielsen Kasper K   Ávila-Arcos María C MC   Moreno-Mayar J Víctor JV   Muller Craig C   Dortch Joe J   Gilbert M Thomas P MT   Lund Ole O   Wesolowska Agata A   Karmin Monika M   Weinert Lucy A LA   Wang Bo B   Li Jun J   Tai Shuaishuai S   Xiao Fei F   Hanihara Tsunehiko T   van Driem George G   Jha Aashish R AR   Ricaut François-Xavier FX   de Knijff Peter P   Migliano Andrea B AB   Gallego Romero Irene I   Kristiansen Karsten K   Lambert David M DM   Brunak Søren S   Forster Peter P   Brinkmann Bernd B   Nehlich Olaf O   Bunce Michael M   Richards Michael M   Gupta Ramneek R   Bustamante Carlos D CD   Krogh Anders A   Foley Robert A RA   Lahr Marta M MM   Balloux Francois F   Sicheritz-Pontén Thomas T   Villems Richard R   Nielsen Rasmus R   Wang Jun J   Willerslev Eske E  

Science (New York, N.Y.) 20110922 6052


We present an Aboriginal Australian genomic sequence obtained from a 100-year-old lock of hair donated by an Aboriginal man from southern Western Australia in the early 20th century. We detect no evidence of European admixture and estimate contamination levels to be below 0.5%. We show that Aboriginal Australians are descendants of an early human dispersal into eastern Asia, possibly 62,000 to 75,000 years ago. This dispersal is separate from the one that gave rise to modern Asians 25,000 to 38,  ...[more]

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