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DNA nanoparticle-mediated thymulin gene therapy prevents airway remodeling in experimental allergic asthma.

ABSTRACT: Thymulin has been shown to present anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties in experimental lung diseases. We hypothesized that a biologically active thymulin analog gene, methionine serum thymus factor, delivered by highly compacted DNA nanoparticles may prevent lung inflammation and remodeling in a mouse model of allergic asthma. The DNA nanoparticles are composed of a single molecule of plasmid DNA compacted with block copolymers of poly-L-lysine and polyethylene glycol (CK30PEG), which have been found safe in a human phase I/II clinical trial. Thymulin plasmids were detected in the lungs of ovalbumin-challenged asthmatic mice up to 27days after administration of DNA nanoparticles carrying thymulin plasmids. A single dose of DNA nanoparticles carrying thymulin plasmids prevented lung inflammation, collagen deposition and smooth muscle hypertrophy in the lungs of a murine model of ovalbumin-challenged allergic asthma, leading to improved lung mechanics. In the present model of chronic allergic asthma, highly compacted DNA nanoparticles using thymulin analog gene modulated the inflammatory and remodeling processes improving lung mechanics.

SUBMITTER: da Silva AL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3992277 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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DNA nanoparticle-mediated thymulin gene therapy prevents airway remodeling in experimental allergic asthma.

da Silva Adriana L AL Martini Sabrina V SV Abreu Soraia C SC Samary Cynthia dos S Cdos S Diaz Bruno L BL Fernezlian Sandra S de Sá Vanessa Karen VK Capelozzi Vera Luiza VL Boylan Nicholas J NJ Goya Rodolfo Gustavo RG Suk Jung Soo JS Rocco Patricia R M PR Hanes Justin J Morales Marcelo M MM

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 20140217

Thymulin has been shown to present anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties in experimental lung diseases. We hypothesized that a biologically active thymulin analog gene, methionine serum thymus factor, delivered by highly compacted DNA nanoparticles may prevent lung inflammation and remodeling in a mouse model of allergic asthma. The DNA nanoparticles are composed of a single molecule of plasmid DNA compacted with block copolymers of poly-L-lysine and polyethylene glycol (CK30PEG), which ...[more]

PMID: 24556417

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Project description:BackgroundAngiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) can reduce airway inflammation and airway remodeling in allergic asthma. Autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) has attracted wide attentions in asthma. However, the effects of Ang-(1-7) on ATG5-mediated autophagy in allergic asthma are unclear.MethodsIn this study, human bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS-2B) and human bronchial smooth muscle cell (HBSMC) were treated with different dose of Ang-(1-7) to observe changes of cell viability. Changes of ATG5 protein expression were measured in 10 ng/mL of interleukin (IL)-13-treated cells. Transfection of ATG5 small interference RNA (siRNA) or ATG5 cDNA in cells was used to analyze the effects of ATG5 on secretion of cytokines in the IL-13-treated cells. The effects of Ang-(1-7) were compared to the effects of ATG5 siRNA transfection or ATG5 cDNA transfection in the IL-13-treated cells. In wild-type (WT) mice and ATG5 knockout (ATG5-/-) mice, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation, fibrosis and autophagy were observed. In the OVA-induced WT mice, Ang-(1-7) treatment was performed to observe its effects on airway inflammation, fibrosis and autophagy.ResultsThe results showed that ATG5 protein level was decreased with Ang-(1-7) dose administration in the IL-13-treated BEAS-2B and IL13-treated HBSMC. Ang-(1-7) played similar results to ATG5 siRNA that it suppressed the secretion of IL-25 and IL-13 in the IL-13-treated BEAS-2B cells, and inhibited the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein in the IL-13-treated HBSMC cells. ATG5 cDNA treatment significantly increased the secretion of IL-25 and IL-13 and expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA protein in IL-13-treated cells. Ang-(1-7) treatment suppressed the effects of ATG5 cDNA in the IL-13-treated cells. In OVA-induced WT mice, Ang-(1-7) treatment suppressed airway inflammation, remodeling and autophagy. ATG5 knockout also suppressed the airway inflammation, remodeling and autophagy.ConclusionsAng-(1-7) treatment suppressed airway inflammation and remodeling in allergic asthma through inhibiting ATG5, providing an underlying mechanism of Ang-(1-7) for allergic asthma treatment.

Project description:BackgroundAs one of the main functional forms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have shown an alternative therapeutic option in experimental models of allergic asthma. Oxygen concentration plays an important role in the self-renewal, proliferation, and EV release of MSCs and a recent study found that the anti-asthma effect of MSCs was enhanced by culture in hypoxic conditions. However, the potential of hypoxic MSC-derived EVs (Hypo-EVs) in asthma is still unknown.MethodsBALB/c female mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), and each group received PBS, normoxic human umbilical cord MSC-EVs (Nor-EVs), or Hypo-EVs weekly. After treatment, the animals were euthanized, and their lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. With the use of hematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining, enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot analysis, and real-time PCR, the inflammation and collagen fiber content of airways and lung parenchyma were investigated.ResultsHypoxic environment can promote human umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs) to release more EVs. In OVA animals, the administration of Nor-EVs or Hypo-EVs significantly ameliorated the BALF total cells, eosinophils, and pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-4 and IL-13) in asthmatic mice. Moreover, Hypo-EVs were generally more potent than Nor-EVs in suppressing airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Compared with Nor-EVs, Hypo-EVs further prevented mouse chronic allergic airway remodeling, concomitant with the decreased expression of pro-fibrogenic markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen-1, and TGF-β1-p-smad2/3 signaling pathway. In vitro, Hypo-EVs decreased the expression of p-smad2/3, α-SMA, and collagen-1 in HLF-1 cells (human lung fibroblasts) stimulated by TGF-β1. In addition, we showed that miR-146a-5p was enriched in Hypo-EVs compared with that in Nor-EVs, and Hypo-EV administration unregulated the miR-146a-5p expression both in asthma mice lung tissues and in TGF-β1-treated HLF-1. More importantly, decreased miR-146a-5p expression in Hypo-EVs impaired Hypo-EV-mediated lung protection in OVA mice.ConclusionOur findings provided the first evidence that hypoxic hUCMSC-derived EVs attenuated allergic airway inflammation and airway remodeling in chronic asthma mice, potentially creating new avenues for the treatment of asthma.

Project description:BackgroundAirway remodeling in patients with asthma, which leads to a decline in pulmonary function, is likely the result of repeated exacerbations often provoked by aeroallergen exposures. Aeroallegen exposure triggers a stereotypic response orchestrated by growth factor cytokines and other protein mediators. This results in a late-phase allergic reaction characterized by vascular permeability, recruitment of activated leukocytes, and activation of structural cells of the airway. The spectrum of protein mediators and their functions are incompletely understood.MethodsBronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were obtained from 12 volunteers who exhibited robust eosinophilic recruitment following segmental bronchial provocation with allergen (SBP-Ag). We systematically identified and quantified proteins in BALF using high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by pathway analysis and correlations with airway physiology.ResultsPairwise analysis of protein abundance in BALF pre- vs post-SBP-Ag revealed that 55 proteins were upregulated and 103 proteins were downregulated. We observed enrichment of groups of proteins mapping to hemostasis/fibrin clot, platelet activation, lipoprotein assembly, neutrophil degranulation proteins, and acute-phase inflammation-airway remodeling pathways. The abundances of F2 and Fibrinogen γ (FGG) correlated with eosinophil numbers, whereas SERPINA3 negatively correlated with change in FeNO. The coagulation proteins F2 and KNG negatively correlated with FN1 an index of airway remodeling. Interestingly, patients with lower FEV1 showed distinct allergen-induced patterns of 8 BALF proteins, including MUC1, alarmins (HSPB1), and actin polymerization factors.ConclusionsProtein abundance of the fibrin formation cascade, platelet activation and remodeling are associated with late-phase leukocyte numbers and markers of remodeling. Patients with lower FEV1 have distinct dynamic responses to allergen.

Project description:Background: Airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling is an important component of the structural changes to airways seen in asthma. Eosinophils are the prominent inflammatory cells in asthma, and there is some evidence that they contribute to ASM remodeling via released mediators and direct contact through integrin-ligand interactions. Eosinophils express several types of outer membrane integrin, which are responsible for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. In our previous study we demonstrated that asthmatic eosinophils show increased adhesion to ASM cells and it may be important factor contributing to ASM remodeling in asthma. According to these findings, in the present study we investigated the effects of suppression of eosinophil integrin on eosinophil-induced ASM remodeling in asthma. Materials and Methods: Individual combined cell cultures of immortalized human ASM cells and eosinophils from peripheral blood of 22 asthmatic patients and 17 healthy controls were prepared. Eosinophil adhesion was evaluated using eosinophil peroxidase activity assay. Genes expression levels in ASM cells and eosinophils were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. ASM cell proliferation was measured using alamarBlue® solution. Eosinophil integrins were blocked by incubating with Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser peptide. Results: Eosinophils from the asthma group showed increased outer membrane ?4?1 and ?M?2 integrin expression, increased adhesion to ASM cells, and overexpression of TGF-?1 compared with eosinophils from the healthy control group. Blockade of eosinophil RGD-binding integrins by Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser peptide significantly reduced adhesion of eosinophils to ASM cells in both groups. Integrin-blocking decreased the effects of eosinophils on TGF-?1, WNT-5a, and extracellular matrix protein gene expression in ASM cells and ASM cell proliferation in both groups. These effects were more pronounced in the asthma group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Suppression of eosinophil-ASM interaction via RGD-binding integrins attenuates eosinophil-induced ASM remodeling in asthma. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02648074.

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DNA nanoparticle-mediated thymulin gene therapy prevents airway remodeling in experimental allergic asthma.

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DNA nanoparticle-mediated thymulin gene therapy prevents airway remodeling in experimental allergic asthma.

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