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The adaptor protein AMOT promotes the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells via the prolonged activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases.

ABSTRACT: The asymmetric organization of epithelial cells is a basic counter to cellular proliferation. However, the mechanisms whereby pro-growth pathways are modulated by intracellular factors that control cell shape are not well understood. This study demonstrates that the adaptor protein Amot, in addition to its established role in regulating cellular asymmetry, also promotes extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2)-dependent proliferation of mammary cells. Specifically, expression of Amot80, but not a mutant lacking its polarity protein interaction domain, enhances ERK1/2-dependent proliferation of MCF7 cells. Further, expression of Amot80 induces nontransformed MCF10A cells to overgrow as disorganized cellular aggregates in Matrigel. Conversely, Amot expression is required for proliferation of breast cancer cells in specific microenvironmental contexts that require ERK1/2 signaling. Thus, Amot is proposed to coordinate the dysregulation of cell polarity with the induction of neoplastic growth in mammary cells.

SUBMITTER: Ranahan WP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3996846 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The adaptor protein AMOT promotes the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells via the prolonged activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases.

Ranahan William P WP Han Zhang Z Smith-Kinnaman Whitney W Nabinger Sarah C SC Heller Brigitte B Herbert Britney-Shea BS Chan Rebecca R Wells Clark D CD

Cancer research 20110201 6

The asymmetric organization of epithelial cells is a basic counter to cellular proliferation. However, the mechanisms whereby pro-growth pathways are modulated by intracellular factors that control cell shape are not well understood. This study demonstrates that the adaptor protein Amot, in addition to its established role in regulating cellular asymmetry, also promotes extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2)-dependent proliferation of mammary cells. Specifically, expression of Am ...[more]

PMID: 21285250

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Project description:INTRODUCTION:We have previously demonstrated that transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?) in the presence of elevated levels of Smad3, its primary signaling protein, stimulates rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and intimal hyperplasia. The mechanism is partly through the nuclear exportation of phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. The objective of this study is to clarify the downstream pathways through which Smad3 produces its proliferative effect. Specifically, we evaluated the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in TGF-?-induced VSMC proliferation. METHODS:Cultured rat aortic VSMCs were incubated with TGF-? at varying concentrations and times, and phosphorylated ERK was measured by Western blotting. Smad3 was enhanced in VSMCs using an adenovirus expressing Smad3 or inhibited with small interfering RNA (siRNA). For in vivo experiments, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent carotid balloon injury, followed by intraluminal infection with an adenovirus expressing Smad3. Arteries were harvested at 3 days and subjected to immunohistochemistry for Smad3, phospho-ERK MAPK, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. RESULTS:In cultured VSMCs, TGF-? induced activation and phosphorylation of ERK MAPK in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Overexpression of the signaling protein Smad3 enhanced TGF-?-induced activation of ERK MAPK, whereas inhibition of Smad3 with a siRNA blocked ERK MAPK phosphorylation in response to TGF-?. These data suggest that Smad3 acts as a signaling intermediate between TGF-? and ERK MAPK. Inhibition of ERK MAPK activation with PD98059 completely blocked the ability of TGF-?/Smad3 to stimulate VSMC proliferation, demonstrating the importance of ERK MAPK in this pathway. Immunoprecipitation of phospho-ERK MAPK and blotting with Smad3 revealed a physical association, suggesting that activation of ERK MAPK by Smad3 requires a direct interaction. In an in vivo rat carotid injury model, overexpression of Smad3 resulted in an increase in phosphorylated ERK MAPK as well as increased VSMC proliferation as measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings demonstrate a mechanism through which TGF-? stimulates VSMC proliferation. Although TGF-? has been traditionally identified as an inhibitor of proliferation, our data suggest that TGF-? enhances VSMC proliferation through a Smad3/ERK MAPK signaling pathway. These findings at least partly explain the mechanism by which TGF-? enhances intimal hyperplasia. Knowledge of this pathway provides potential novel targets that may be used to prevent restenosis.

Dataset Information

The adaptor protein AMOT promotes the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells via the prolonged activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases.

Publications

The adaptor protein AMOT promotes the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells via the prolonged activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases.

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