Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in US Hispanic/Latino adults: results from the NHANES 2007-2010 and HCHS/SOL studies.
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SUBMITTER: Kuniholm MH
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3997577 | biostudies-literature | 2014 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in US Hispanic/Latino adults: results from the NHANES 2007-2010 and HCHS/SOL studies.
Kuniholm Mark H MH Jung Molly M Everhart James E JE Cotler Scott S Heiss Gerardo G McQuillan Geraldine G Kim Ryung S RS Strickler Howard D HD Thyagarajan Bharat B Youngblood Marston M Kaplan Robert C RC Ho Gloria Y F GY
The Journal of infectious diseases 20140113 10
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody has been reported in Mexican Americans, but its prevalence in other US Hispanic/Latino groups is unknown. We studied 2 populations of US Hispanic/Latino adults; 3210 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010 and 11 964 from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Age-standardized prevalence of HCV antibody was similar in NHANES 2007-2010 (1.5%) and HCHS/SOL (2.0%) but differed significantly ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundInflammation is implicated as one of many factors related to the development of chronic disease; thus, identifying its modifiable risk factors offers potential intervention targets to reduce risk.PurposeTo investigate whether depression and anxiety symptoms may indirectly affect high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) through sleep duration and adiposity (i.e., percentage body fat and waist circumference).MethodsMultiple regression analyses were performed on Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Youth (ages 8-16 years) cross-sectional baseline data, which were weighted to adjust for sampling design. Data were collected at a clinical assessment, including fasting blood samples, self-report surveys, and objectively measured anthropometrics.ResultsAdjusting for sociodemographic covariates, depression symptoms were associated with log hs-CRP (? = .011, p = .047) but not PAI-1 (p = .285). Percentage body fat and waist circumference were positively related to depression symptoms (p = .026 and p = .028, respectively) and log hs-CRP (p < .001 for both). When including adiposity in the hs-CRP model, the associations of depression symptoms with hs-CRP were attenuated and became nonsignificant. Monte Carlo confidence intervals (CIs) showed that the indirect effects from depression symptoms to CRP through percentage body fat (95% CI: .0006, .0119) and waist circumference (95% CI: .0004, .0109) were statistically significant.ConclusionsResults indicate that the association between psychological distress and inflammation may occur indirectly through adiposity in Hispanic/Latino children. If findings are replicated in causal designs, reducing depression symptoms and adiposity among Hispanic/Latino children may be avenues for primary prevention of inflammation in later years.
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Project description:BackgroundHispanics/Latinos are purportedly at increased risk for neurocognitive decline and dementias. Without dementia cures, low-cost, well-tolerated public health means for mitigating neurocognitive decline are needed.ObjectiveWe examined associations between neurocognition and cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics (Life's Simple 7; LS7) among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. We hypothesized that higher LS7 would be associated with healthier brain function (neurocognitive performance).MethodsWe used baseline (2008-2011) Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; N = 9,623; ages 45-74 years) to examine neurocognition in relation to CVH LS7 scores.ResultsIn age and sex adjusted models, a one unit LS7 score increase (range = 0-14) was associated with higher neurocognitive function on the B-SEVLT sum (0.23 [p < 0.01]; range = 3-42), B-SEVLT recall (0.12 [p < 0.01]; range = 0-15), Word Fluency (phonemic; 0.46 (p < 0.01); range = 0-49), and Digit Symbol Substitution (0.49 (p < 0.01); range = 0-83) tests, respectively. Stated differently, a change from the minimum LS7 (0) to maximum LS7 (14) score corresponded to higher scores on verbal learning (4.62) and memory (2.24), verbal fluency (7.0), and psychomotor processing speed (12). In fully adjusted models the associations were attenuated, but remained statistically significant. Incremental adjustments indicated that Latino background and, to a lesser extent, education were primary contributors to the evinced attenuations.ConclusionsWe found that higher neurocognitive function was associated with better LS7 CVH metrics among middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos. Associations between neurocognitive function and LS7 were strongest among two at-risk groups for neurocognitive decline and dementia, women and Hispanics/Latinos with lower education. Public health efforts to reduce cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality may have additional neurocognitive benefits among at-risk Hispanics/Latinos.
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| S-EPMC7955987 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to examine the association between verbal learning, fluency, and processing speed with anxious depression symptomatology (ADS) among diverse Hispanics. We hypothesized an inverse association of anxious depression with neurocognition among Hispanics of different heritage. DESIGN:Data are from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. The sample included 9,311participants aged 45-74 years (mean: 56.5 years). A latent class analysis of items from the Center for Epidemiological Studies for Depression scale and the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to derive an anxious depression construct. Neurocognitive measures included scores on the Brief Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B-SEVLT, learning and recall trials), Word Fluency (WF), Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) test, and a Global Cognitive Score (GCS). We fit survey linear regression models to test the associations between anxious depression symptomatology and cognitive function. We tested for effect modification by sex, Hispanic heritage, and age groups. RESULTS:Among men, 71.6% reported low, 23.3% moderate, and 5.1% high ADS. Among women, 55.1% reported low, 33.2% moderate, and 11.8% high ADS. After controlling for age, sex, sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and disease, and antidepressant use, we found significant inverse associations between moderate and high anxious depression (ref:low) with B-SEVLT learning and recall, DSS and GCS. Moderate, but not high, anxious depression was inversely associated with WF. Associations were not modified by sex, Hispanic heritage, or age. CONCLUSIONS:Increased anxious depression symptomatology is associated with decreased neurocognitive function among Hispanics. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporality and infer if negative emotional symptoms precede cognitive deficits.
| S-EPMC5752627 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been conducted in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos of diverse backgrounds who are disproportionately affected by diabetes. We conducted a GWAS in 2,499 T2D case subjects and 5,247 control subjects from six Hispanic/Latino background groups in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Our GWAS identified two known loci (TCF7L2 and KCNQ1) reaching genome-wide significance levels. Conditional analysis on known index single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicated an additional independent signal at KCNQ1, represented by an African ancestry-specific variant, rs1049549 (odds ratio 1.49 [95% CI 1.27-1.75]). This association was consistent across Hispanic/Latino background groups and replicated in the MEta-analysis of type 2 DIabetes in African Americans (MEDIA) Consortium. Among 80 previously known index SNPs at T2D loci, 66 SNPs showed consistency with the reported direction of associations and 14 SNPs significantly generalized to the HCHS/SOL. A genetic risk score based on these 80 index SNPs was significantly associated with T2D (odds ratio 1.07 [1.06-1.09] per risk allele), with a stronger effect observed in nonobese than in obese individuals. Our study identified a novel independent signal suggesting an African ancestry-specific allele at KCNQ1 for T2D. Associations between previously identified loci and T2D were generally shown in a large cohort of U.S. Hispanics/Latinos.
| S-EPMC5399610 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract Objectives We aimed to identify and compare a posteriori heritage-specific dietary patterns (DPs), and evaluate their associations with “healthfulness” (using Alternative Healthy Eating Index, AHEI-2010) and years living in the US. Methods We used baseline data from a population-based cohort of 14,099 Hispanics/Latinos aged 18–74 years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We performed principal factor analysis using two 24-hr recalls to derive DPs, separately, in each heritage group (Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American, South American); and identified overarching DPs based on high-loading foods shared by two or more groups. We used multivariable linear regression to test associations of DPs with AHEI-2010 and years living in the US. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02060344. Results We identified 5 overarching DPs (“Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks”; “White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats”; “Fish”; “Egg & Cheese”; and “Alcohol”). While all “Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks” DPs were inversely associated with AHEI-2010, all Fish DPs (except Dominican) were positively associated with this index (all Ptrend < 0.001). Meanwhile, “White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats” DPs showed inverse associations in Cuban and Central American groups and positive associations in Mexican-origin individuals (all Ptrend < 0.001). Fewer years living in the US was associated with higher scores for “White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats” DPs in Cuban and Mexican heritage groups and lower scores on “Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks” DPs in Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican groups (all Ptrend < 0.01). Conclusions Our findings show substantial variation in DPs across Hispanics/Latinos and adherence in DPs by time in the US, which could inform dietary interventions targeting this diverse US population. Funding Sources This research received support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Global Cardiometabolic Disease Training Grant (1T32HL129969–01A1), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K01DK107791), and from the Population Research Infrastructure Program (R24 HD050924) awarded to the Carolina Population Center at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
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Project description:We estimated local ancestry on the autosomes and X chromosome in a large US-based study of 12,793 Hispanic/Latino individuals using the RFMix method, and we compared different reference panels and approaches to local ancestry estimation on the X chromosome by means of Mendelian inconsistency rates as a proxy for accuracy. We developed a novel and straightforward approach to performing ancestry-specific PCA after finding artifactual behavior in the results from an existing approach. Using the ancestry-specific PCA, we found significant population structure within African, European, and Amerindian ancestries in the Hispanic/Latino individuals in our study. In the African ancestral component of the admixed individuals, individuals whose grandparents were from Central America clustered separately from individuals whose grandparents were from the Caribbean, and also from reference Yoruba and Mandenka West African individuals. In the European component, individuals whose grandparents were from Puerto Rico diverged partially from other background groups. In the Amerindian ancestral component, individuals clustered into multiple different groups depending on the grandparental country of origin. Therefore, local ancestry estimation provides further insight into the complex genetic structure of US Hispanic/Latino populations, which must be properly accounted for in genotype-phenotype association studies. It also provides a basis for admixture mapping and ancestry-specific allele frequency estimation, which are useful in the identification of risk factors for disease.
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Project description:OBJECTIVE(S):Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have yielded inconsistent findings on the associations of social support networks with cardiovascular health in Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes. We examined the cross-sectional associations of structural social support and traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a diverse sample of Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:This analysis included 2994 adult participants ages 18-74 with diabetes from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL - 2008-2011). Select items from the Social Network Inventory (SNI) were used to assess indices of structural social support, i.e. network size (number of children, parents, and in-laws) and frequency of familial contact. Standardized methods were used to measure abdominal obesity, BMI, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking status. Multivariate regression was used to examine associations of structural support with individual CVD risk factors with demographics, acculturation, physical health, and psychological ill-being (depressive symptoms and anxiety) included as covariates. RESULTS:There were no significant cross-sectional associations of structural support indices with abdominal obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or smoking status. There was a marginally significant (OR: 1.05; 95%CI 0.99-1.11) trend toward higher odds of obesity in participants reporting a larger family unit (including children, parents, and in-laws) and those with closer ties with extended family relatives (OR: 1.04; 95%CI 0.99-1.09). CONCLUSIONS:Structural social support was marginally associated with higher odds of obesity in Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes. Alternate forms of social support (e.g. healthcare professionals, friends, peers) should be further explored as potential markers of cardiac risk in Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes.
| S-EPMC5756130 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes who meet target hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure (BP), and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) recommendations, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and statin medication use by heritage and sociodemographic and diabetes-related characteristics.MethodsData were cross-sectional, collected between 2008 and 2011, and included adults age 18 to 74 years who reported a physician diagnosis of diabetes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (N = 2,148). Chi-square tests compared the prevalence of hemoglobin A1c, BP, and LDL-C targets and ACE/ARB and statin use across participant characteristics. Predictive margins regression was used to determine the prevalence adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsThe overall prevalence of A1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol), BP <130/80 mm Hg, and LDL-C <100 mg/dL was 43.0, 48.7, and 36.6%, respectively, with 8.4% meeting all three targets. Younger adults aged 18 to 39 years with diabetes were less likely to have A1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) or LDL-C <100 mg/dL compared to those aged 65 to 74 years; younger adults were more likely to have BP <130/80 mm Hg (P<.05 for all). Individuals of Mexican heritage were significantly less likely to have A1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) compared to those with Cuban heritage, but they were more likely to have BP <130/80 mm Hg compared to those with Dominican, Cuban, or Puerto Rican heritage (P<.05 for all); there was no difference in LDL-C by heritage. Overall, 38.2% of adults with diabetes were taking a statin, and 50.5% were taking ACE/ARB medications.ConclusionHemoglobin A1c, BP, and LDL-C control are suboptimal among Hispanic/Latinos with diabetes living in the U.S. With 8.4% meeting all three recommendations, substantial opportunity exists to improve diabetes control in this population.AbbreviationsA1c = hemoglobin A1c; ABC = hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ADA = American Diabetes Association; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; CHD = coronary heart disease; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HCHS/SOL = Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos; LDL-C = low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; PAD = peripheral artery disease.
| S-EPMC5796425 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeWe investigated the prevalence, awareness, and control of vascular risk factors (VRFs) and the use of antithrombotic and statin agents in HCHS (Hispanic Community Health Study)/SOL (Study of Latinos) participants with self-reported history of stroke or transient ischemic attack.MethodsSociodemographic characteristics, medications, and prevalence of different VRFs were recorded. VRF diagnoses and goals were based on the recommendations of professional organizations. Factors associated with optimal VRF control and use of antithrombotic and statin agents were investigated using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe analysis included 404 participants (39% men). The prevalences of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes were 59%, 65%, and 39%, respectively. Among those who met the diagnostic criteria for these diagnoses, the frequencies of awareness were 90%, 75%, and 83%, respectively. In participants who were aware of their VRFs, the prevalences of controlled hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes were 46%, 32%, and 54%. Approximately 46% of the participants were on antithrombotics, 39% on statins, and 26% on both. Only 38% of those with atrial fibrillation received anticoagulation. In multivariate analyses adjusted for baseline sociodemographic characteristics, older age was associated with uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes. Residing in the United States for ≥10 years and born in the United States were associated with uncontrolled diabetes, female sex with uncontrolled dyslipidemia, and lack of health insurance with decreased use of statins and hyperlipidemia.ConclusionsHispanic/Latino adults in the United States have high prevalence and awareness of VRFs but low adherence to secondary stroke prevention strategies. Older adults, women, and uninsured people are vulnerable groups that may benefit from targeted interventions. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02060344.
| S-EPMC7988300 | biostudies-literature