Dataset Information

Measurement of three-dimensional morphological characteristics of the calcaneus using CT image post-processing.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Although computed tomography (CT) with three-dimensional (3D) rendering of the calcaneus is used for diagnostic evaluation of disorders, morphological measurements for the calcaneus are mostly based on a two-dimensional plane. The purposes of this study were to design a method for 3D morphological measurements of the normal calcaneus based on CT post-processing techniques, to measure morphological parameters in the male and female groups and describe gender differences of the parameters, and to investigate the reliability of such measurements.

Methods

One hundred and seventy-nine patients (83 men and 96 women) with a mean age of 40.6 (range, 21 to 59) years who underwent CT scans for their feet were reviewed retrospectively. The 3D structure of a normal calcaneus after shaded surface display reconstruction was extracted by interactive and automatic segmentation. Morphological measurements were achieved by means of a 3D measurement method based on CT image post-processing. Lengths and heights of the main parts of the calcaneus, Gissane's angle, Böhler's angle and the area of articular facet were worked out in 3D space. Gender-related size differences of parameters were compared using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusting for body height. Intra-observer and inter-observer reliabilities were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the root mean square standard deviation (RMS-SD) for precision study.

Results

A large range of measurement values was found. Only the length of the anterior process was without gender difference (p?>?0.05). The other parameters in the male group were greater than those in the female group (p??0.8). Precision was acceptable for intra-observer RMS-SD (linear, angular and areal measurements no more than 0.6 mm, 1.2° and 0.25 mm2, respectively). Inter-observer RMS-SD ranged from 0.4 to 1.6 mm for linear measurements, 1.2 to 2.5° for angles and 0.24 to 0.40 mm2 for areas.

Conclusions

Three-dimensional morphological measurement based on a CT post-processing technique was highly reliable and repeatable for calcaneal anatomic morphological measurement. The current data will be helpful for anatomic reduction of calcaneal fractures and calcaneal malunion.

SUBMITTER: Qiang M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4007629 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Measurement of three-dimensional morphological characteristics of the calcaneus using CT image post-processing.

Qiang Minfei M Chen Yanxi Y Zhang Kun K Li Haobo H Dai Hao H

Journal of foot and ankle research 20140314 1

<h4>Background</h4>Although computed tomography (CT) with three-dimensional (3D) rendering of the calcaneus is used for diagnostic evaluation of disorders, morphological measurements for the calcaneus are mostly based on a two-dimensional plane. The purposes of this study were to design a method for 3D morphological measurements of the normal calcaneus based on CT post-processing techniques, to measure morphological parameters in the male and female groups and describe gender differences of the ...[more]

PMID: 24625107

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Project description:The bones forming the talocrural joint (TCJ) and subtalar joint (STJ) are often assumed to be bilaterally symmetric. Therefore, the contralateral limb (i.e. the fibula, tibia, calcaneus and talus) is used as a template or an intra-subject control in clinical and research practice. However, the validity of the symmetry assumption is controversial, because insufficient information is available on the shape variations and bilateral (a)symmetry of the fibula, tibia, calcaneus and talus. Using three-dimensional spatially dense sampled representations of bone shapes extracted from bilateral computed tomography scans of 66 individuals (55 male, mean age: 61?±?10?years; 11 female, mean age: 53?±?15?years), we analyzed whether: (i) similar shape patterns exist in the left and right bones of the same type; (ii) gender has an effect on bone shape variations; (iii) intra-subject shape variation is smaller than that of inter-subject for a given shape variance direction. For the first set of analyses, all left and right instances of the same type of bone were considered as two separate groups, and statistically compared with each other on multiple aspects including group location (central tendency), variance-covariance scale (dispersion) and orientation (covariance structure) using distance-based permutational tests. For the second and third sets of analyses, all left and right bones of the same type were pooled into one group, and shape variations in the TCJ and STJ bones were extracted using principal component analysis. The effects of gender on age-adjusted bone shape differences were assessed using an analysis of covariance. Moreover, intra-class correlation was employed to evaluate intra- and inter-subject bone shape variations. For each bone type, both sides had similar shape patterns (Ppermutational -values?>?0.05). After Bonferroni adjustment, gender led to shape differences, which were mainly in the lateral and medial condyles of the tibia (P?=?0.003), the length and height of the calcaneus (P?<?0.001), the posterior and anterior talar articular surfaces of the calcaneus (P?=?0.001), and in the posterior aspect of the talus (P?=?0.001). Intra-subject shape variations in the tibial tuberosity together with the diameter of the tibia, and the curvature of the fibula shaft and the diameter of the fibula were as high as those of inter-subject. This result suggests that the shape symmetry assumption could be violated for some specific shape variations in the fibula and tibia.

Dataset Information

Measurement of three-dimensional morphological characteristics of the calcaneus using CT image post-processing.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Measurement of three-dimensional morphological characteristics of the calcaneus using CT image post-processing.

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