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Effect of mulberry leaf extract with enriched 1-deoxynojirimycin content on postprandial glycemic control in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism.

ABSTRACT:

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Aims/Introduction: The glucose analogue, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), found in mulberry (Morus alba) leaves, is a promising α-glucosidase inhibitor. We evaluated the effect of the ingestion of mulberry leaf extract with enriched DNJ content on postprandial hyperglycemia in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism.

Materials and methods

In study 1, we carried out a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial to assess the effects of single ingestion of mulberry leaf extract (3, 6 or 9 mg DNJ) or placebo on blood glucose and insulin concentrations during 2 h after a carbohydrate (200 g boiled white rice) challenge in 12 subjects with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in the range of 100-140 mg/dL. Study 2 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of 12-week extract supplementation (6 mg DNJ, t.i.d.) for long-term glycemic control in 76 subjects with FPG in the range of 110-140 mg/dL.

Results

In study 1, ingestion of the mulberry leaf extract led to attenuated postchallenge acute glycemia in a dose-dependent manner (P = 0.006, group × time interaction, two-way anova). In study 2, the serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentration, a sensitive indicator of postprandial glycemic control, in the extract group increased and was higher than that in the placebo group over the 12-week treatment period (P < 0.001, group × time interaction, two-way anova); no differences in FPG, glycated hemoglobin and glycated albumin concentrations were observed between the groups.

Conclusions

Long-term ingestion of mulberry leaf extract with enriched DNJ content could result in improved postprandial glycemic control in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism. These trials were registered with UMIN (no. UMIN000003154 and UMIN000003155). (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00101.x, 2011).

SUBMITTER: Asai A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4014974 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionReducing postprandial (PP) hyperglycemia and PP glucose excursions is important for overall glycemic management. Although most therapeutic lifestyle interventions that reduce caloric intake would affect this, there is no particular nutritional intervention favored.MethodsWe evaluated the effects of a novel natural food adjuvant combining mulberry leaf extract (MLE) with other bioactive ingredients, in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) originating from Asia, on improving PP glucometabolic response in a randomized controlled exploratory crossover, two-center study (USA, Singapore). A 2-g blend of 250 mg MLE [containing 12.5 mg of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)], fiber (1.75 g), vitamin D3 (0.75 μg), and chromium (75 μg), compared with a similar blend without the MLE, was sprinkled over a 350-kcal breakfast meal (55.4 g carbs) and PP blood glucose (primary exploratory endpoint), insulin, and incretin hormones (GLP-1, GIP) were evaluated in blood samples over 3 h. Changes in incremental areas under the concentration curve (iAUC) and maximum concentrations (Cmax) were compared.ResultsThirty individuals (12 women, mean age 59 years, HbA1c 7.1%, BMI 26.5 kg/m2) were enrolled and the MLE-based blend relative to the blend without MLE significantly reduced glucose iAUC at 1 h (- 20%, p < 0.0001), 2 h (- 17%, p = 0.0001), and 3 h (- 15%, p = 0.0032) and Cmax [mean (95% CI) difference - 0.8 (- 1.2, - 0.3) mmol/L, p = 0.0006]. A statistically significant reduction in 1 h insulin iAUC (- 24%, p = 0.0236) was observed, but this reduction was no longer present at either 2 h or 3 h. No difference in GLP-1 was seen, but GIP response (iAUC and Cmax) was less with the MLE-based blend.ConclusionsThe observation of a significant glucose reduction paralleled with a significant lower insulin response supports a reduced gastrointestinal glucose absorption. These results support the use of a 2-g natural blend of MLE, fiber, vitamin D, and chromium in T2D as a convenient dietary adjuvant to improve PP glucometabolic response.Clinicaltrialsgov identifier NCT04877366.

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