Dataset Information

The source of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants: a household cohort study in rural Kenya.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine development for direct protection of young infants faces substantial obstacles. Assessing the potential of indirect protection using different strategies, such as targeting older children or mothers, requires knowledge of the source of infection to the infants.

Methods

We undertook a prospective study in rural Kenya. Households with a child born after the preceding RSV epidemic and ? 1 elder sibling were recruited. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected every 3-4 days irrespective of symptoms from all household members throughout the RSV season of 2009-2010 and tested for RSV using molecular techniques.

Results

From 451 participants in 44 households a total of 15 396 nasopharyngeal swab samples were samples were collected, representing 86% of planned sampling. RSV was detected in 37 households (84%) and 173 participants (38%) and 28 study infants (64%). The infants acquired infection from within (15 infants; 54%) or outside (9 infants; 32%) the household; in 4 households the source of infant infection was inconclusive. Older children were index case patients for 11 (73%) of the within-household infant infections, and 10 of these 11 children were attending school.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that school-going siblings frequently introduce RSV into households, leading to infection in infants.

SUBMITTER: Munywoki PK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4017365 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

The source of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants: a household cohort study in rural Kenya.

Munywoki Patrick K PK Koech Dorothy C DC Agoti Charles N CN Lewa Clement C Cane Patricia A PA Medley Graham F GF Nokes D J DJ

The Journal of infectious diseases 20131223 11

<h4>Background</h4>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine development for direct protection of young infants faces substantial obstacles. Assessing the potential of indirect protection using different strategies, such as targeting older children or mothers, requires knowledge of the source of infection to the infants.<h4>Methods</h4>We undertook a prospective study in rural Kenya. Households with a child born after the preceding RSV epidemic and ≥ 1 elder sibling were recruited. Nasopharyngea ...[more]

PMID: 24367040

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Project description:Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most common cause of respiratory tract infection in infants and children and shows increasing trend among elderly people worldwide. In many developing country settings, population and household structures have gone through some significant changes in the past decades, namely fewer births, more elderly population, and smaller household size but more RSV high-risk individuals. These dynamics have been captured in a mathematical model with RSV transmission dynamics to predict the disease burden on the detailed population for future targeted interventions. The population and disease dynamics model was constructed and tested against the hospitalization data for Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection due to RSV in rural Thai settings between 2005 and 2011. The proportion of extended families is predicted to increase by about 10% from 2005 to 2020, especially for those with elderly population, while the classic nuclear family type (with adults and children) will decline by about 10%. For RSV, infections from extended family type (approximately 60% of all household types) have majorly contributed to the force of infection (FOI). While the model predicted the increase of FOI from the extended family by 15% from 2005 to 2020, the FOI contributed by other household types would be either stable or decrease in the same time period. RSV incidence rate is predominantly high among babies (92.2%) and has been predicted to decrease slightly over time (from 940 to 864 cases per 100,000 population by 2020), while the incidence rates among children and elderly people may remain steadily low over the same period. However, the estimated incidence rates among elderly people were twice than those in children. The model predicts that approximately 60% of FOI for RSV will come from members of the extended family type. The incidence rate of RSV among children and elderly in extended families was about 20 times lower than that in infants and the trend is steady. Targeted intervention strategies, such as health education in some specific groups and targeted vaccination, may be considered, with the focus on extended family type. Target interventions on babies can lessen the transmission to children and elderly especially when transmission within households of extended family type is high.

Dataset Information

The source of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants: a household cohort study in rural Kenya.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

The source of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants: a household cohort study in rural Kenya.

Similar Datasets

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