Dataset Information

The Women's Health Initiative: The food environment, neighborhood socioeconomic status, BMI, and blood pressure.

ABSTRACT: Using data (n = 60,775 women) from the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial (WHI CT)-a national study of postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years-we analyzed cross-sectional associations between the availability of different types of food outlets in the 1.5 miles surrounding a woman's residence, census tract neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES), BMI, and blood pressure (BP). We simultaneously modeled NSES and food outlets using linear and logistic regression models, adjusting for multiple sociodemographic factors, population density and random effects at the tract and metropolitan statistical area (MSA) level. We found significant associations between NSES, availability of food outlets and individual-level measurements of BMI and BP. As grocery store/supermarket availability increased from the 10th to the 90th percentile of its distribution, controlling for confounders, BMI was lower by 0.30 kg/m(2). Conversely, as fast-food outlet availability increased from the 10th to the 90th percentile, BMI was higher by 0.28 kg/m(2). When NSES increased from the 10th to the 90th percentile of its distribution, BMI was lower by 1.26 kg/m(2). As NSES increased from the 10th to the 90th percentile, systolic and diastolic BP were lower by 1.11 mm Hg and 0.40 mm Hg, respectively. As grocery store/supermarket outlet availability increased from the 10th and 90th percentiles, diastolic BP was lower by 0.31 mm Hg. In this national sample of postmenopausal women, we found important independent associations between the food and socioeconomic environments and BMI and BP. These findings suggest that changes in the neighborhood environment may contribute to efforts to control obesity and hypertension.

SUBMITTER: Dubowitz T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4018819 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Women's Health Initiative: The food environment, neighborhood socioeconomic status, BMI, and blood pressure.

Dubowitz Tamara T Ghosh-Dastidar Madhumita M Eibner Christine C Slaughter Mary E ME Fernandes Meenakshi M Whitsel Eric A EA Bird Chloe E CE Jewell Adria A Margolis Karen L KL Li Wenjun W Michael Yvonne L YL Shih Regina A RA Manson Joann E JE Escarce José J JJ

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 20110609 4

Using data (n = 60,775 women) from the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial (WHI CT)-a national study of postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years-we analyzed cross-sectional associations between the availability of different types of food outlets in the 1.5 miles surrounding a woman's residence, census tract neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES), BMI, and blood pressure (BP). We simultaneously modeled NSES and food outlets using linear and logistic regression models, adjusting for multiple s ...[more]

PMID: 21660076

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Project description:Study objectivesPositive airway pressure (PAP) treatment of obstructive sleep apnea reduces blood pressure (BP). Retrospective data suggest that African Americans (AA), a group at high-risk for hypertensive organ dysfunction, may have a greater BP response to PAP therapy than European Americans (EA). We examined the difference in 24-hour BP response to 3 months of PAP treatment between AA and EA.MethodsParticipants (n = 259, 161 AA and 98 EA) with apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15 events/h from 2 prospective cohorts were included. t-Tests and multiple linear regression were used to examine BP outcomes in AA vs EA, adjusting for PAP adherence, socioeconomic status, and baseline characteristics.ResultsParticipants were middle aged (mean ± SD, 53.8 ± 9.3 years), 86% (227) men, apnea-hypopnea index 35.6 ± 19.2 events/h, and PAP adherence of 3.36 ± 2.24 h/day. The reductions in 24-hour systolic and diastolic BP (mm Hg) were not different in AA vs EA (systolic = -1.13 ± 12.1 vs -0.61 ± 12.8, P = .80 and diastolic = -0.74 ± 7.9 vs -0.80 ± 7.4, P = .96), and race was not a predictor of 24-hour systolic or diastolic BP reduction (P = .75 and 0.54). Socioeconomic status and PAP adherence demonstrated a significant interaction; low socioeconomic status was associated with an increase in 24-hour systolic BP (β = 19.3, P = .03) in the absence of PAP use but a greater reduction in 24-hour systolic BP with higher PAP adherence (β = -3.96, P = .03).ConclusionsTwenty-four hour BP response to PAP treatment is similar in AA and EA. Adherence to PAP treatment is more effective in improving 24-hour systolic BP in those with low SES.Clinical trial registrationRegistry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Race and CPAP Effectiveness (RACE); URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01960465; Identifier: NCT01960465 and Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: The Effects of Treating Obese and Lean Patients with Sleep Apnea (PISA); URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01578031; Identifier: NCT01578031.CitationImayama I, Gupta A, Yen PS, et al. Socioeconomic status impacts blood pressure response to positive airway pressure treatment. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(5):1287-1295.

Dataset Information

The Women's Health Initiative: The food environment, neighborhood socioeconomic status, BMI, and blood pressure.

Publications

The Women's Health Initiative: The food environment, neighborhood socioeconomic status, BMI, and blood pressure.

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