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Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and risk of coronary heart disease: from familial hyperlipidemia to genomics.

ABSTRACT: Coronary heart disease (CHD) affects 17 million people in the United States and accounts for over a million hospital stays each year. Technological advances, especially in genetics and genomics, have changed our understanding of the risk factors for developing CHD. The purpose of this article is to review low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apo B), and risk of CHD. The article focuses on five topics: (1) a description of lipoprotein classes, normal lipoprotein metabolism, and the biological mechanism of atherosclerosis; (2) a review of selected epidemiologic and clinical trial studies examining the associations between elevated LDL-C and apo B with CHD; (3) a brief review of the familial forms of hyperlipidemia; (4) a description of variants in genes that have been associated with higher LDL-C levels in candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS); and (5) nursing implications, including a discussion on how genetic tests are evaluated and the current clinical utility and validity of genetic tests for CHD.

SUBMITTER: Imes CC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4031677 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and risk of coronary heart disease: from familial hyperlipidemia to genomics.

Imes Christopher C CC Austin Melissa A MA

Biological research for nursing 20120423 3

Coronary heart disease (CHD) affects 17 million people in the United States and accounts for over a million hospital stays each year. Technological advances, especially in genetics and genomics, have changed our understanding of the risk factors for developing CHD. The purpose of this article is to review low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apo B), and risk of CHD. The article focuses on five topics: (1) a description of lipoprotein classes, normal lipoprotein metaboli ...[more]

PMID: 22531366

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Project description:Objective- The cell-cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is inversely associated with coronary heart disease risk. ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) plays a crucial role in cholesterol efflux from macrophages to preβ-1-HDL. We tested the hypothesis that coronary heart disease patients have functionally abnormal preβ-1-HDL. Approach and Results- HDL cell-cholesterol efflux capacity via the ABCA1 and the SR-BI (scavenger receptor class B type I) pathways, HDL antioxidative capacity, apo (apolipoprotein) A-I-containing HDL particles, and inflammatory- and oxidative-stress markers were measured in a case-control study of 100 coronary heart disease cases and 100 sex-matched controls. There were significant positive correlations between ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux and the levels of small lipid-poor preβ-1 particles ( R2=0.535) and between SR-BI-dependent cholesterol efflux and the levels of large lipid-rich (α-1+α-2) HDL particles ( R2=0.712). Cases had significantly higher (87%) preβ-1 concentrations than controls, but the functionality of their preβ-1 particles (preβ-1 concentration normalized ABCA1-dependent efflux capacity) was significantly lower (-31%). Cases had significantly lower (-12%) mean concentration of large HDL particles, but the functionality of their particles (α-1+α-2 concentration normalized SR-BI-dependent efflux capacity) was significantly higher (22%) compared with that of controls. HDL antioxidative capacity was significantly lower (-16%) in cases than in controls. There were no significant correlations between either preβ-1 functionality or large HDL particle functionality with HDL antioxidative capacity or the concentrations of inflammatory- and oxidative-stress markers. Conclusions- HDL cell-cholesterol efflux capacity is significantly influenced by both the concentration and the functionality of specific HDL particles participating in cell-cholesterol efflux. Coronary heart disease patients have higher than normal preβ-1 concentrations with decreased functionality and lower than normal large HDL particle concentrations with enhanced functionality.

Dataset Information

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and risk of coronary heart disease: from familial hyperlipidemia to genomics.

Publications

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and risk of coronary heart disease: from familial hyperlipidemia to genomics.

Similar Datasets

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