Species H rotavirus detected in piglets with diarrhea, Brazil, 2012.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Molinari BL
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4036792 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Rotavirus (RV) is considered a major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in young animals. RV is classified into nine species, five of which have been identified in pigs. Most studies worldwide have highlighted diarrhoea outbreaks caused by RVA, which is considered the most important RV species. In the present study, we described the detection and characterization of porcine RVB as a primary causative agent of diarrhoea outbreaks in pig herds in Brazil. The study showed a high frequency (64/90; 71.1%) of RVB diagnosis in newborn piglets associated with marked histopathological lesions in the small intestines. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene of wild-type RVB strains revealed a high diversity of G genotypes circulating in one geographic region of Brazil. Our findings suggest that RVB may be considered an important primary enteric pathogen in piglets and should be included in the routine differential diagnosis of enteric diseases in piglets.
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Project description:Sixty crossbred piglets (Duroc*Landrace*Yorkshire) weaned at the age of 21 days were maintained for one week and had free access to feed and water. During this week, all the piglets were scored for the severity of diarrhea. Diarrhea index was scored as follows: 1= hard feces; 2= no scours, feces of normal consistency; 3= mild scours, soft, partially formed feces; 4= moderate scours, loose, semi-liquid feces; 5= watery feces; as previously did Those piglets with a score of 4 or 5 for three continuous days were designated as diarrhea piglets, while those piglets with a score of 1 or 2 for three continuous days were designated as normal piglets..
2022-01-03 | GSE192690 | GEO
Project description:OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to examine the previously unknown long-term spatio-temporal patterns in diarrheal morbidity and mortality across age groups and geography in Brazil under the light of evolving socioeconomic factors and interventions. METHODS:Nationwide mortality (1979-2014) and hospitalization (1998-2014) data were obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Analyses of long-term secular trends and seasonality of diarrheal morbidity and mortality were performed in EPIPOI (www.epipoi.info). RESULTS:For most states, the primary peak in mortality risk among children under 5 years occurred from December-April (summer/early autumn) from 1979-1988. From 2000-2005 (before the 2006 implementation of rotavirus vaccination), the pattern switched to June-October (winter/early spring). By 2007-2014, the peak in mortality shifted back towards summer/early autumn. A similar pattern was observed for hospitalizations. These patterns were particularly apparent in non-equatorial regions of the country. In contrast, the risk of diarrhea-related death among older children (5-19 years) did not demonstrate well-defined seasonality or spatial patterns. CONCLUSIONS:Rotavirus vaccination policies were associated with a shift in the timing of seasonal peaks in children under 5, reminiscent of the summer diarrhea period common decades prior. Additionally, young children were shown to have distinct disease patterns compared to other age groups, suggesting different etiologies.
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Project description:Group A rotaviruses are the main causative agent of infantile gastroenteritis. The segmented nature of the viral genome allows reassortment of genome segments, which can generate genetic variants. In this study, we characterized the diversity of the VP7, VP4 (VP8*), VP6, NSP4, and NSP5 genes of the rotaviruses that circulated from 2005 to 2011 in the Triângulo Mineiro (TM) region of Brazil. Samples with genotypes G2 (sublineages IVa-1 and IVa-3), G1 (sublineage I-A), G9 (lineage III), G12 (lineages II and III), G8 (lineage II), G3 (lineage III), P[4] (sublineages IVa and IVb), P[8] (sublineages P[8]-3.6, P[8]-3.3, and P[8]-3.1), I2 (lineage VII), E2 (lineages VI, XII, and X), and H2 (lineage III) were identified. The associations found in the samples were G1, G9, or G12 with P[8]-I1-E1-H1; G2 or G8 with P[4]-I2-E2-H2; G12 with I3-E3-H6; and G3 with P[4]-I2-E3-H3 (previously unreported combination). Reassortment events in G2P[4] strains and an apparent pattern of temporal segregation within the lineages were observed. Five TM samples contained genes that exhibited high nucleotide and amino acid identities with strains of animal origin. The present study includes a period of pre- and post-introduction of rotavirus vaccination in all Brazilian territories, thereby serving as a basis for monitoring changes in the genetic constitution of rotaviruses. The results also contribute to the understanding of the diversity and evolution of rotaviruses in a global context.
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Project description:Host susceptibility according to human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) is widely known for norovirus infection, but is less described for rotavirus. Due to the variable HBGA polymorphism among populations, we aimed to evaluate the association between HBGA phenotypes (ABH, Lewis and secretor status) and susceptibility to rotavirus and norovirus symptomatic infection, and the polymorphisms of FUT2 and FUT3, of children from southeastern Brazil. Paired fecal-buccal specimens from 272 children with acute diarrhea were used to determine rotavirus/norovirus genotypes and HBGAs phenotypes/genotypes, respectively. Altogether, 100 (36.8%) children were infected with rotavirus and norovirus. The rotavirus P[8] genotype predominates (85.7%). Most of the noroviruses (93.8%) belonged to genogroup II (GII). GII.4 Sydney represented 76% (35/46) amongst five other genotypes. Rotavirus and noroviruses infected predominantly children with secretor status (97% and 98.5%, respectively). However, fewer rotavirus-infected children were Lewis-negative (8.6%) than the norovirus-infected ones (18.5%). FUT3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) occurred mostly at the T59G > G508A > T202C > C314T positions. Our results reinforce the current knowledge that secretors are more susceptible to infection by both rotavirus and norovirus than non-secretors. The high rate for Lewis negative (17.1%) and the combination of SNPs, beyond the secretor status, may reflect the highly mixed population in Brazil.
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Project description:Rotaviruses are members of the family Reoviridae and are a common cause of acute diarrhea in many mammalian and avian species. They are non-enveloped icosahedral particles and their genome comprises 11 segments of double-stranded RNA, which encodes six structural proteins (VP1-4, VP6-7) and six nonstructural proteins (NSP1-6). Genotypes are defined based upon the diversity found in these genes and viral characterization plays a central role on epidemiological studies and prevention. Here we investigate the distribution of Brazilian RVAs genotypes in 8 chicken samples collected between 2008 and 2015 from different regions by RT-PCR, partial (Sanger) nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis from all rotavirus genes. Although the identified genotypes were typical from avian host species, when analyzed together, they form novel genetic constellations: G19-P[31]-I11-R6-C6-M7-A16-N6-T8-E10-H8 and G19-P[31]-I4-R4-C4-M4-A16-N4-T4-E4-H4. This study highlights that avian rotaviruses are widespread among commercial farms in Brazil, and the co-circulation of at least two different genomic constellations indicates that may present a way bigger genetic variability, that can be increased by the possible transmission events from other birds, lack of specific preventive measures, as well as the different viral evolution mechanisms.
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Project description:Identification of Escherichia coli causing porcine postweaning diarrhea requires knowledge regarding the prevalent pathotypes within a given region. A total of 100 Escherichia coli isolates from piglets with diarrhea in Londrina city, Parana State, South Brazil, were screened for the presence of genes for F4, F5, F6, F18, F41 fimbrial antigens by specific probes and for enterotoxins (STa, STb, LT and STx2e) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that 60% of the isolates were positive for one or more of the fimbrial antigens and 92% were positive at least for one of the virulence factors examined. Virulence factor genes detected were F4 (44%), F18 (38%), F5 (30%), F41 (32%), F6 (25%), LTp-I (71%), STa (40%), STb (47%) and STx2e (3%). Twenty four patterns of virulence factor according to the different virulence genes form were found and the most frequent virulence gene pattern was F4, F18, F41, STa, STb and LT. Most of the isolates that carried genes for adhesins also harboured genes for toxins.
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Project description:Type G9 of group A rotavirus (GAR) was shown to be predominant in a survey of VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genotypes among porcine GARs associated with outbreaks of diarrhea in young pigs in Japan between 2000 and 2002. Comparison of the G9 VP7 gene sequences showed that the porcine G9 strains were more closely related to human G9 strains reemerging globally since the mid-1990s than to those from the mid-1980s. The VP7 gene sequences of porcine G9 strains from different farms were divergent (6.1 to 7.2% difference in nucleotides), suggesting that these G9 VP7 genes were not the result of recent introduction into the porcine population. Regarding the P genotype specificities of porcine G9 strains, while the majority of strains were close to unusual porcine P types (P[13] and P[23]), two strains were of the P[6] type, which has closer sequence identity with the human AU19 strain than with the porcine Gottfried strain. These unexpected results suggest that G9 GARs in the porcine population have spread more widely than previously thought and that the VP7 genes of porcine G9 strains and those of some human G9 strains detected recently may have a common progenitor.
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