Dataset Information

Diet quality and markers of endothelial function: the CARDIA study.

ABSTRACT: Dietary patterns are associated cross-sectionally with cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs). We studied prospective associations of three dietary patterns with CAMs.In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, diet was assessed at years 0 (1985-86) and 7 (1992-93) examinations. Four circulating CAMs (E-selectin, P-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM)) were assayed at years 7 and 15 (2000-01). We created one index score "A Priori Diet Quality Score" and derived dietary patterns using principal components analysis (PCA). Multivariable linear regression models predicted year 15 CAMs from averaged (year 0/7) dietary patterns. The A Priori Diet Quality Score rated 46 food groups beneficial, neutral or adverse based on hypothesized health effects. We derived two PCA dietary patterns: "fruit and vegetables (FV)" (high intakes of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains) and "meat" (high intakes of red meat, refined grain, and butter). All dietary patterns were related to E-selectin and sICAM-1. P-selectin was not related to the FV dietary pattern. VCAM was only related to the A Priori Diet Quality Score. Strongest associations were for the meat dietary pattern with E-selectin (effect size 28% of an SD (+3.9/13.7 ng/mL)) and P-selectin (effect size 37% of an SD (+4.1/11.2 ng/mL)) and the A Priori Diet Quality Score with sICAM-1 (effect size 34% of an SD (-15.1/44.7 ng/mL)) and VCAM (effect size of 26% of an SD (-45.1/170.3 ng/mL)).This prospective analysis suggests that dietary patterns are associated with CAMs.

SUBMITTER: Sijtsma FP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4037360 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diet quality and markers of endothelial function: the CARDIA study.

Sijtsma F P C FP Meyer K A KA Steffen L M LM Van Horn L L Shikany J M JM Odegaard A O AO Gross M D MD Kromhout D D Jacobs D R DR

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD 20140117 6

<h4>Background and aim</h4>Dietary patterns are associated cross-sectionally with cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs). We studied prospective associations of three dietary patterns with CAMs.<h4>Methods and results</h4>In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, diet was assessed at years 0 (1985-86) and 7 (1992-93) examinations. Four circulating CAMs (E-selectin, P-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and vascular cellular adhesion molecule ( ...[more]

PMID: 24534074

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Project description:BackgroundAging is associated with changes in body composition, and preventing loss of muscle mass and accumulation of excess adipose tissue in middle-aged adults may reduce age-related conditions at older ages. Dietary intake is one lifestyle factor shown to improve or maintain body composition. However, few studies have examined the Healthy Eating Index2015 (HEI2015), a measure of diet quality, and the association with body composition in adult men and women.MethodsParticipant data (n = 3017) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study were used to examine the associations of the HEI2015 with body composition measures at Year 25 (Y25), including (1) 25 year-change in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference and (2) a computed tomography (CT) scan at Y25 measured muscle mass, muscle quality (better quality = less lipid within the muscle), and adipose tissue depots visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and adipose within skeletal muscle (intermuscular adipose tissue; IMAT). Dietary intake was assessed by a diet history three times over 20 years, at years 0, 7, and 20. HEI2015, averaged over three exams, was created and categorized into quintiles. Multiple regression analysis evaluated the associations of body composition stratified across quintiles of HEI2015 adjusted for demographic characteristics, energy intake, lifestyle factors, and baseline anthropometric measures as appropriate. Race-sex interaction was tested (Pinteraction > 0.30).ResultsOver 25 years of follow-up, averaged HEI2015 was significantly and inversely associated with weight gain (Quintile 1 (Q1) 37.3 lb vs. 32.9 in Q5; Ptrend = 0.01), change in BMI (Q1 5.8 kg/m2 vs. 5.0 in Q5; Ptrend = 0.005), and change in waist circumference (Q1 17.5 cm vs. 15.2 cm in Q5; Ptrend < 0.001). By Y25, HEI2015 was inversely associated with VAT Q1 136.8 cm3 vs. 116.6 in Q5; Ptrend < 0.001) and IMAT volumes (Q1 9.52 vs. 8.12 cm3 in Q5; Ptrend < 0.001). Although total muscle volume declined (Ptrend = 0.03), lean muscle mass volume was similar across quintiles (Ptrend = 0.55). The IMAT/total muscle mass ratio declined across HEI2015 quintiles (Ptrend < 0.001). Finally, higher HEI2015 was associated with better muscle quality at Y25 (higher value = less lipid within the muscle; Q1 41.1 vs. 42.2 HU in Q5; Ptrend = 0.002). HEI2015 was nonlinearly, but inversely, associated with SAT (nonlinear P = 0.011).ConclusionsImproving diet quality in young to middle-aged adults is a recommended strategy to promote better measures of body composition. Our study findings suggest that healthier food choices may influence body composition.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Vegetarianism is an increasingly common practice worldwide. Despite good evidence from other countries regarding vegetarians' diet quality, data from the Brazilian population is still scarce. OBJECTIVE:To characterize the vegetarian Brazilian population and evaluate their diet quality compared to the general Brazilian population. METHODS:We performed a nationwide cross-sectional study using an online self-administered questionnaire, previously validated for the Brazilian population, to evaluate diet quality markers of vegetarians. The invitation to participate in the survey was spread nationwide, aimed at vegetarian communities. Individuals who considered themselves vegetarians and were at least 18 years old were eligible to participate. The results on regular intake and intake adequacy were compared among vegetarians and between genders using the Pearson's chi-square test. The body mass index (BMI) were analyzed by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post-hoc test. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test verified normality. All analyses considered bilateral hypotheses and a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). RESULTS:Brazilian vegetarians presented better diet quality markers, such as higher regular weekly intake and adequate daily intake of fruits and vegetables, and lower regular intake of soft drinks when compared to the general Brazilian population. Vegetarians also presented a proportionally higher consumption of natural foods and lower consumption of processed foods. Among vegetarians, a higher proportion of vegans showed positive results regarding diet markers analysis, when compared to vegetarians, pesco-vegetarians, and semi-vegetarians. CONCLUSIONS:Vegetarians showed better results of diet adequacy when compared to the general population in Brazil, and vegans fared better when compared with other vegetarians. Despite the good results found, a large proportion of the participants still did not achieve the fruits and vegetables daily intake, according to the World Health Organization recommendations.

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Diet quality and markers of endothelial function: the CARDIA study.

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Diet quality and markers of endothelial function: the CARDIA study.

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