Hemichorea Associated with CASPR2 Antibody.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Vynogradova I
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4039192 | biostudies-literature | 2014
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Hemichorea Associated with CASPR2 Antibody.
Vynogradova Iryna I Savitski Vitali V Heckmann Josef G JG
Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) 20140519
This letter was written in response to: Ramdhani RA, Frucht SJ. Isolated chorea associated with LGI1 antibody. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov. 2014; 4. doi: 10.7916/D8MG7MFC. ...[more]
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Project description:This letter was written in reply to this letter to the editor: Vynogradova I, Savitski V, Heckmann JG. Hemichorea associated with CASPR2 antibody. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov. 2014; 4. doi: 10.7916/D8VM49C5. The above letter to the editor was written in response to this article: Ramdhani RA, Frucht SJ. Isolated Chorea Associated with LGI1 Antibody. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov. 2014; 4. doi: 10.7916/D8MG7MFC.
| S-EPMC4039211 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveTo report a large cohort of patients with antibodies against contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Caspr2) and provide the clinical spectrum of this disorder.MethodsSerum and CSF samples were assessed at 2 neuroimmunology centers in Barcelona and Rotterdam. Patients were included if Caspr2 antibodies were confirmed with 2 independent techniques, including brain immunohistochemistry and cell-based assay. Clinical information was obtained by the authors or provided by treating physicians after patients' informed consent.ResultsMedian age at symptom onset was 66 years. Of 38 patients, 34 were male. Median time to nadir of disease was 4 months (in 30% >1 year). The most frequent syndromes included limbic encephalitis (42%) and Morvan syndrome (29%). Seventy-seven percent of the patients had ≥3 of the following symptoms: encephalopathy (cognitive deficits/seizures), cerebellar dysfunction, peripheral nervous system hyperexcitability, dysautonomia, insomnia, neuropathic pain, or weight loss. A tumor, mostly thymoma, occurred in 19% of the patients. Immunoglobulin G4 subclass antibodies were present in all patients; 63% also had immunoglobulin G1 antibodies. Treatment response occurred in 93% of the patients and 25% had clinical relapses.ConclusionsCaspr2 antibodies associate with a treatable disorder that predominantly affects elderly men. The resulting syndrome may vary among patients but it usually includes a set of well-established symptoms. Recognition of this spectrum of symptoms and consideration of the protracted clinical course are important for early diagnosis of this disorder. Prompt immunotherapy and tumor therapy (if needed) often result in improvement.
| S-EPMC4970662 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe clinical spectrum of contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) antibody-associated disease is wide and includes Morvan syndrome. Studies describing treatment and long-term outcome are limited.AimsWe report the clinical profile and emphasize response to treatment and long-term outcome in eight patients with CASPR2-antibody-associated disease.MethodsClinical, radiological, electrophysiological, treatment, follow-up, and outcome data were collected by retrospective chart review.ResultsClinical manifestations included Morvan syndrome (n = 7) and limbic encephalitis (n = 1). None of the patients were positive for LGI1 antibody. Associated features included myasthenia (n = 1), thymoma (n = 1), and dermatological manifestations (n = 4). Patients were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and plasma exchange during the acute symptomatic phase followed by pulsed intravenous methyl prednisolone to maintain remission. Mean-modified Rankin score at admission (pre-treatment), discharge, and last follow-up were 3.75, 2.5, and 0.42, respectively. One patient with underlying thymoma and myasthenic crisis died. The other seven patients were followed up for a mean duration of 19.71 months. All of them improved completely. Relapse occurred in one patient after 13 months but responded favorably to steroids.ConclusionCASPR2 antibody-associated disease has favorable response to immunotherapy with complete improvement and good outcome. Underlying malignancy may be a marker for poor prognosis.
| S-EPMC8232480 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis is commonly characterized by limbic encephalitis with clinical symptoms of mental and behavior disorders, cognitive impairment, deterioration of memory, and epilepsy. The classical lesions reported are located at the medial temporal lobe or hippocampus, whereas prominent brainstem lesions have not been addressed to date. Herein, we reported two patients mimicking progressive brainstem infarction with severe neurological manifestations. On brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), prominent brainstem lesions were noted, although multifocal lesions were also shown in the juxtacortical and subcortical white matters, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and cerebellar hemisphere. Unexpectedly and interestingly, both cases had detectable CASPR2 antibodies in sera, and an exclusive IgG1 subclass was documented in the further analysis. They were treated effectively with aggressive immunosuppressive therapies including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin G, and rituximab, with the first case achieving a rapid remission and the other undergoing a slow but gradual improvement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on prominent brainstem involvement with definite MRI lesions in anti-CASPR2 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis, which helps to expand the clinical spectrum of this rare autoimmune disease and update the lesion patterns in the CNS.
| S-EPMC8631873 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The recent biochemical distinction between antibodies against leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated-1 (LGI1), contactin-associated protein-2 (CASPR2) and intracellular epitopes of voltage-gated potassium-channels (VGKCs) demands aetiological explanations. Given established associations between human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and adverse drug reactions, and our clinical observation of frequent adverse drugs reactions in patients with LGI1 antibodies, we compared HLA alleles between healthy controls (n = 5553) and 111 Caucasian patients with VGKC-complex autoantibodies. In patients with LGI1 antibodies (n = 68), HLA-DRB1*07:01 was strongly represented [odds ratio = 27.6 (95% confidence interval 12.9-72.2), P = 4.1 × 10-26]. In contrast, patients with CASPR2 antibodies (n = 31) showed over-representation of HLA-DRB1*11:01 [odds ratio = 9.4 (95% confidence interval 4.6-19.3), P = 5.7 × 10-6]. Other allelic associations for patients with LGI1 antibodies reflected linkage, and significant haplotypic associations included HLA-DRB1*07:01-DQA1*02:01-DQB1*02:02, by comparison to DRB1*11:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*03:01 in CASPR2-antibody patients. Conditional analysis in LGI1-antibody patients resolved further independent class I and II associations. By comparison, patients with both LGI1 and CASPR2 antibodies (n = 3) carried yet another complement of HLA variants, and patients with intracellular VGKC antibodies (n = 9) lacked significant HLA associations. Within LGI1- or CASPR2-antibody patients, HLA associations did not correlate with clinical features. In silico predictions identified unique CASPR2- and LGI1-derived peptides potentially presented by the respective over-represented HLA molecules. These highly significant HLA associations dichotomize the underlying immunology in patients with LGI1 or CASPR2 antibodies, and inform T cell specificities and cellular interactions at disease initiation.10.1093/brain/awy109_video1awy109media15796480660001.
| S-EPMC6118231 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease has been proposed as a separate inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) since the discovery of pathogenic antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG). Antibodies targeting contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Caspr2), a component of voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex, have been documented to be associated with a novel autoimmune synaptic encephalitis with a low incidence. Herein, we reported an adult female with initial presentation of decreased vision in the right eye and subsequent episodes of neuropsychiatric disturbance including hypersomnia, agitation, apatheia, and memory impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple lesions scattered in brain, brainstem, and cervical and thoracic spinal cord, showing hypointensity on T1-weighted images, hyperintensity on T2-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. Heterogenous patchy or ring-like enhancement was observed in the majority of lesions. The detection of low-titer MOG-IgG exclusively in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; titer, 1:1) and Caspr2-IgG in both serum and CSF (titers, 1:100 and 1:1) led to a possible diagnosis of coexisting MOG-IgG-associated disease (MOGAD) and anti-Caspr2 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis. The patient was treated with immunosuppressive agents including corticosteroids and immunoglobulin, and achieved a sustained remission. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the possible coexistence of MOGAD and anti-Caspr2 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis, which advocates for the recommendation of a broad spectrum screening for antibodies against well-defined CNS antigens in suspected patients with autoimmune-mediated diseases of the CNS.
| S-EPMC7605028 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC4826340 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6763712 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective: To explore the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, therapy, and mechanism of hemichorea associated with non-ketotic hyperglycemia (HC-NH) so as to enhance awareness and avoid misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of the disease. Methods: A case of HC-NH was reported and reviewed in terms of the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment. Results: Hemichorea associated with non-ketotic hyperglycemia is a rare complication of diabetes mellitus, which is commonly seen in elderly women with poorly-controlled diabetes. The condition is characterized by non-ketotic hyperglycemia, unilateral involuntary choreiform movements, and contralateral basal ganglia hyper-intensity by T1-weighted MR imaging or high density on CT scans. Blood glucose control is the basal treatment, in combination with dopamine receptor antagonists and benzodiazepine sedative, in controlling hemichorea. Conclusion: In clinical practice, the possibility of unilateral chorea should be considered for diabetic patients with poor blood glucose control.
| S-EPMC7052123 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) typically present with easily recognizable neurological focal deficits. Symptoms such as paroxysmal involuntary movements are not usually considered to be a manifestation of TIA. We report a case with video documentation of TIA due to permanent atrial flutter presenting as acute left hemichorea. To our knowledge, such a case has not yet been reported. The present case constitutes a crucial diagnostic challenge in neurological practice in order to prevent a high risk of subsequent ischemic stroke.
| S-EPMC6380122 | biostudies-literature