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Ibrutinib inhibits BCR and NF-κB signaling and reduces tumor proliferation in tissue-resident cells of patients with CLL.

ABSTRACT: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells depend on microenvironmental factors for proliferation and survival. In particular, tissue-resident CLL cells show prominent activation of both B-cell receptor (BCR) and NF-κB pathways. We evaluated the in vivo effects of ibrutinib, a Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor on tumor cell activation and proliferation in the blood, lymph node, and bone marrow of patients with CLL. Applying validated pathway-specific gene signatures, we detected a rapid and sustained downregulation of BCR and NF-κB signaling in CLL cells from both the peripheral blood and tissue compartments during ibrutinib treatment. Ibrutinib reduced phosphorylation of PLCγ2 and ERK and decreased nuclear protein expression of NF-κB p50. Ibrutinib significantly decreased tumor proliferation and expression of surface activation markers CD69 and CD86, independent of prognostic factors such as IGHV mutational status, chromosome 17p deletion, or prior treatment history. Interestingly, stronger inhibition of BCR signaling in lymph node resident CLL cells after one dose of ibrutinib was associated with a higher rate of nodal response at the end of cycle 2. Together, these data validate on-target effects of BTK inhibition in the tissue compartments and demonstrate that ibrutinib effectively inhibits pathways that promote tumor cell activation and proliferation in vivo. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01500733.

SUBMITTER: Herman SE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4046423 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ibrutinib protects T cells in patients with CLL from proliferation-induced senescence.

Project description:BackgroundThe development of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) has provided a highly effective and relatively non-toxic alternative to conventional chemotherapy. Some studies have shown that BTKi can also lead to improvements in T cell immunity in patients despite in vitro analyses suggesting an immunosuppressive effect of BTKi on T cell function.MethodsIn this study, we examined both the in vitro effect and long-term in vivo effect of two clinically available BTKi, ibrutinib and zanubrutinib. Additional in vitro assessments were undertaken for a third BTKi, acalabrutinib. Immune subset phenotyping, cytokine secretion, T cell degranulation and proliferation assays were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from untreated CLL patients, and CLL patients on long-term (> 12 months) BTKi treatment.ResultsSimilar to prior studies we observed that long-term BTKi treatment normalises lymphocyte subset frequency and reduces PD-1 expression on T cells. We also observed that T cells from patients taken prior to BTKi therapy showed an abnormal hyper-proliferation pattern typical of senescent T cells, which was normalised by long-term BTKi treatment. Furthermore, BTKi therapy resulted in reduced expression of the T cell exhaustion markers PD-1, TIM3 and LAG3 in late generations of T cells undergoing proliferation.ConclusionsCollectively, these findings indicate that there are critical differences between the in vitro effects of BTKi on T cell function and the effects derived from long-term BTKi exposure in vivo. Overall long-term exposure to BTKi, and particularly ibrutinib, resulted in improved T cell fitness in part due to suppressing the abnormal hyper-proliferation of CLL T cells and the associated development of T cell senescence.

| S-EPMC8609739 | biostudies-literature

microRNA-7-5p inhibits melanoma cell proliferation and metastasis by suppressing RelA/NF-κB.

Project description:microRNA-7-5p (miR-7-5p) is a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types and inhibits growth and invasion by suppressing expression and activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. While melanoma is not typically EGFR-driven, expression of miR-7-5p is reduced in metastatic tumors compared to primary melanoma. Here, we investigated the biological and clinical significance of miR-7-5p in melanoma. We found that augmenting miR-7-5p expression in vitro markedly reduced tumor cell viability, colony formation and induced cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR-7-5p reduced migration and invasion of melanoma cells in vitro and reduced metastasis in vivo. We used cDNA microarray analysis to identify a subset of putative miR-7-5p target genes associated with melanoma and metastasis. Of these, we confirmed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit RelA, as a novel direct target of miR-7-5p in melanoma cells, such that miR-7-5p suppresses NF-κB activity to decrease expression of canonical NF-κB target genes, including IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. Importantly, the effects of miR-7-5p on melanoma cell growth, cell cycle, migration and invasion were recapitulated by RelA knockdown. Finally, analysis of gene array datasets from multiple melanoma patient cohorts revealed an association between elevated RelA expression and poor survival, further emphasizing the clinical significance of RelA and its downstream signaling effectors. Taken together, our data show that miR-7-5p is a potent inhibitor of melanoma growth and metastasis, in part through its inactivation of RelA/NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, miR-7-5p replacement therapy could have a role in the treatment of this disease.

| S-EPMC5077967 | biostudies-literature

TLR Signaling Is Activated in Lymph Node-Resident CLL Cells and Is Only Partially Inhibited by Ibrutinib.

Project description:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy of mature B cells driven by B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and activated primarily in the lymph node. The Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib effectively inhibits BCR-dependent proliferation and survival signals and has emerged as a breakthrough therapy for CLL. However, complete remissions are uncommon and are achieved only after years of continuous therapy. We hypothesized that other signaling pathways that sustain CLL cell survival are only partially inhibited by ibrutinib. In normal B cells, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling cooperates with BCR signaling to activate prosurvival NF-κB. Here, we show that an experimentally validated gene signature of TLR activation is overexpressed in lymph node-resident CLL cells compared with cells in the blood. Consistent with TLR activation, we detected phosphorylation of NF-κB, STAT1, and STAT3 in lymph node-resident CLL cells and in cells stimulated with CpG oligonucleotides in vitro. CpG promoted IRAK1 degradation, secretion of IL10, and extended survival of CLL cells in culture. CpG-induced TLR signaling was significantly inhibited by both an IRAK1/4 inhibitor and ibrutinib. Although inhibition of TLR signaling was incomplete with either drug, the combination achieved superior results, including more effective inhibition of TLR-mediated survival signaling. Our data suggest an important role for TLR signaling in CLL pathogenesis and in sustaining the viability of CLL cells during ibrutinib therapy. The combination of ibrutinib with a TLR pathway inhibitor could provide superior antitumor activity and should be investigated in clinical studies. SIGNIFICANCE: CLL relies on the concomitant cooperation of B-cell receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling; inhibition of both pathways is superior to inhibition of either pathway alone. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/2/360/F1.large.jpg.

| S-EPMC6342512 | biostudies-literature

SMC1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis through the NF‑κB signaling pathway in colorectal cancer.

Project description:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality globally. Increasing evidence has indicated that structural maintenance of chromosomes 1 (SMC1) may serve an important role in solid tumors as a tumor enhancer. In the present study, it was identified via reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analyses that expression of SMC1 was significantly upregulated in CRC cell lines (SW480, HCT‑116 and SW620) compared with NCM460 normal epithelial cells. To determine the potential involvement of SMC1 in the malignant phenotypes of CRC cells, SMC1 was knocked down in SW620 cells and SMC1 was overexpressed in SW480 cells in vitro. As a result, cell viability, proliferation, invasion and migration were suppressed in transduced SW620 cells but enhanced in SW480 cells, as determined using MTT, colony formation and Transwell assays; conversely, flow cytometric analysis revealed that cell apoptosis was increased in SW620 cells and inhibited in SW480 cells following lentiviral infection. In addition, an in vivo mouse xenograft model revealed that knocking down SMC1 suppressed tumor growth and increased apoptosis; however, overexpressing SMC1 enhanced tumor growth and suppressed apoptosis. Further experiments demonstrated that the role of SMC1 on CRC may involve downregulation of the NF‑κB‑associated signaling pathway. Finally, the present data from clinical CRC tumor samples showed that increased expression of SMC1 was significantly associated with distant metastasis, higher TNM stage, primary tumor size, lymph node metastasis and worse overall survival. Collectively, the present results suggested that SMC1 served an important role in the development of CRC and may be a predictive prognostic biomarker in patients with CRC.

| S-EPMC6718103 | biostudies-literature

Ibrutinib in CLL

Project description:Clonal evolution in CLL patients treated with ibrutinib

| PRJEB32120 | ENA

Expression of ZAP70 in CLL activates NF-κB signalling

Project description:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease with a highly variable prognosis. The clinical course can however be predicted thanks to prognostic markers. Poor prognosis is associated with expression of a B cell receptor (BCR) from unmutated immunoglobulin variable heavy-chain genes (IgVH) and expression of zeta associated protein of 70 kDa (ZAP-70). The reason why ZAP-70 expression is associated with poor prognosis and whether the protein has a direct pathogenic function is at present unknown. By transfer of ZAP-70 to CLL cells, we show here that expression of ZAP-70 in CLL cells leads to increased expression of the NF-κB target genes interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-8 upon BCR triggering. This could be blocked by inhibition of NF-κB signaling through inhibition of IκB kinases (IKK). Transcriptome analysis identified a NF-κB RelA signature imposed by ZAP-70 expression in BCR stimulated CLL cells. We conclude that ZAP-70 acts directly as an amplifier of NF-κB signaling in CLL cells which could be an underlying mechanism for its association with poor prognosis and which may represent a therapeutic target.

2013-10-22 | GSE51286 | GEO

Dexmedetomidine Inhibits TLR4/NF-κB Activation and Reduces Acute Kidney Injury after Orthotopic Autologous Liver Transplantation in Rats.

Project description:Patients who undergo orthotopic liver transplantation often sustain acute kidney injury(AKI). The toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/Nuclear factor-кB(NF-кB) pathway plays a role in AKI. Dexmedetomidine(Dex) has been shown to attenuate AKI. The current study aimed to determine whether liver transplantation-induced AKI is associated with inflammatory response, and to assess the effects of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on kidneys in rats following orthotopic autologous liver transplantation(OALT). Seventy-seven adult male rats were randomized into 11 groups. Kidney tissue histopathology and levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and serum creatinine(SCr) were evaluated. Levels of TLR4, NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β levels were measured in kidney tissues. OALT resulted in significant kidney functional impairment and tissue injury. Pre-treatment with dexmedetomidine decreased BUN and SCr levels and reduced kidney pathological injury, TLR4 expression, translocation of NF-κB, and cytokine production. The effects of dexmedetomidine were reversed by pre-treatment with atipamezole and BRL44408, but not ARC239. These results were confirmed by using α2A-adrenergic receptor siRNA which reversed the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on attenuating NRK-52E cells injury induced by hypoxia reoxygenation. In conclusion, Dexmedetomidine-pretreatment attenuates OALT-induced AKI in rats which may be contributable to its inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway activation. The renoprotective effects are related to α2A-adrenergic receptor subtypes.

| S-EPMC4653646 | biostudies-other

The lymph node microenvironment promotes B-cell receptor signaling, NF-κB activation, and tumor proliferation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Project description:To elucidate effects of tumor host interactions in vivo in CLL, purified tumor cells were obtained concurrently from blood, bone marrow and/or lymph node and analyzed by gene expression profiling. Keywords: RNA Comparision of gene expression profiling in matched pairs of peripheral blood (PB) vs. bone marrow (BM) or lymph nodes (LN) derived CLL cells

2010-10-01 | E-GEOD-21029 | biostudies-arrayexpress

PDLIM1 inhibits NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling by sequestering the p65 subunit of NF-κB in the cytoplasm.

Project description:Understanding the regulatory mechanisms for the NF-κB transcription factor is key to control inflammation. IκBα maintains NF-κB in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of unstimulated cells, whereas nuclear NF-κB in activated cells is degraded by PDLIM2, a nuclear ubiquitin E3 ligase that belongs to a LIM protein family. How NF-κB activation is negatively controlled, however, is not completely understood. Here we show that PDLIM1, another member of LIM proteins, negatively regulates NF-κB-mediated signaling in the cytoplasm. PDLIM1 sequestered p65 subunit of NF-κB in the cytoplasm and suppressed its nuclear translocation in an IκBα-independent, but α-actinin-4-dependent manner. Consistently, PDLIM1 deficiency lead to increased levels of nuclear p65 protein, and thus enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production in response to innate stimuli. These studies reveal an essential role of PDLIM1 in suppressing NF-κB activation and suggest that LIM proteins comprise a new family of negative regulators of NF-κB signaling through different mechanisms.

| S-EPMC4683373 | biostudies-other

Ibrutinib: a paradigm shift in management of CLL.

Project description:B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays a vital role in B-cell malignancies; Bruton tyrosine kinase is a critical mediator of this signaling. BCR signaling, either constitutively or following antigen binding, leads to activation of several downstream pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation and migration. The efficacy observed in studies of the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ibrutinib, confirms that BCR signaling is critical for the growth of B-cell malignancies. Ibrutinib characteristically induces redistribution of malignant B cells from tissues into the peripheral blood and rapid resolution of adenopathy. Furthermore, ibrutinib therapy results in normalization of lymphocyte counts and improvement in cytopenias. Ibrutinib has been shown to have an excellent safety profile and does not cause myelosuppression. Early data from combination studies of ibrutinib with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies have shown more rapid responses compared to those seen with ibrutinib monotherapy. Current data strongly support continued clinical evaluation of ibrutinib in B-cell malignancies.

| S-EPMC4811630 | biostudies-literature

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