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Ketamine exposure in early development impairs specification of the primary germ cell layers.

ABSTRACT: Preclinical and clinical evidence implicates N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) signaling in early embryological development. However, the role of NMDAr signaling in early development has not been well studied. Here, we use a mouse embryonic stem cell model to perform a step-wise exploration of the effects of NMDAr signaling on early cell fate specification. We found that antagonism of the NMDAr impaired specification into the neuroectodermal and mesoendodermal cell lineages, with little or no effect on specification of the extraembryonic endoderm cell lineage. Consistent with these findings, exogenous NMDA promoted neuroectodermal differentiation. Finally, NMDAr antagonism modified expression of several key targets of TGF-β superfamily signaling, suggesting a mechanism for these findings. In summary, this study shows that NMDAr antagonism interferes with the normal developmental pathways of embryogenesis, and suggests that interference is most pronounced prior to neuroectodermal and mesoendodermal cell fate specification.

SUBMITTER: Akeju O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4046705 | biostudies-literature | 2014 May-Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ketamine exposure in early development impairs specification of the primary germ cell layers.

Akeju Oluwaseun O Davis-Dusenbery Brandi N BN Cassel Seth H SH Ichida Justin K JK Eggan Kevin K

Neurotoxicology and teratology 20140416

Preclinical and clinical evidence implicates N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) signaling in early embryological development. However, the role of NMDAr signaling in early development has not been well studied. Here, we use a mouse embryonic stem cell model to perform a step-wise exploration of the effects of NMDAr signaling on early cell fate specification. We found that antagonism of the NMDAr impaired specification into the neuroectodermal and mesoendodermal cell lineages, with little or n ...[more]

PMID: 24746641

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Project description:BackgroundCell differentiation during development is orchestrated by precisely coordinated gene expression programs. While some regulatory mechanisms are well understood, there is a significant room to explore unresolved aspects of lineage choice and cell-fate decisions, as many events in these processes are still not fully elucidated. Given that, gene expression is influenced not only by transcriptional control but also by post-transcriptional events. Here, we described the presence of post-transcriptional regulation on gene expression during lineage commitment across all three embryonic germ layers. We employed monolayer differentiation protocols to map early transcriptional and post-transcriptional events in human embryonic stem cell specification. This approach included obtaining representative populations from the three germ layers, followed by sequencing of both polysome-bound and total RNAs.ResultsWe characterized our model by its unique expression profile and the presence of specific markers for each differentiation. RNA sequencing revealed a consistent pattern of gene upregulated and downregulated when comparing the transcriptome and translatome during the differentiation of all three germ layers. By comparing these datasets, we identified genes subjected to post-transcriptional regulation in all germ layer differentiations and categorized the nature of this regulation. GO analysis demonstrated that polysome profiling serves as a complementary technique, capturing nuances that may be overlooked when analyzing only the transcriptome. Finally, we directly compared the transcriptome and translatome to identify genes actively recruited to the translation machinery, uncovering unique features specific to each germ layer.ConclusionsSubstantial post-transcriptional modulation was found during germ layer commitment, emphasizing the translatome potency in capturing nuanced gene expression regulation. These findings highlight the post-transcriptional regulation's critical role in early embryonic development, offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms of cell differentiation.

Dataset Information

Ketamine exposure in early development impairs specification of the primary germ cell layers.

Publications

Ketamine exposure in early development impairs specification of the primary germ cell layers.

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