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Tissue-specific direct targets of Caenorhabditis elegans Rb/E2F dictate distinct somatic and germline programs.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The tumor suppressor Rb/E2F regulates gene expression to control differentiation in multiple tissues during development, although how it directs tissue-specific gene regulation in vivo is poorly understood. RESULTS: We determined the genome-wide binding profiles for Caenorhabditis elegans Rb/E2F-like components in the germline, in the intestine and broadly throughout the soma, and uncovered highly tissue-specific binding patterns and target genes. Chromatin association by LIN-35, the C. elegans ortholog of Rb, is impaired in the germline but robust in the soma, a characteristic that might govern differential effects on gene expression in the two cell types. In the intestine, LIN-35 and the heterochromatin protein HPL-2, the ortholog of Hp1, coordinately bind at many sites lacking E2F. Finally, selected direct target genes contribute to the soma-to-germline transformation of lin-35 mutants, including mes-4, a soma-specific target that promotes H3K36 methylation, and csr-1, a germline-specific target that functions in a 22G small RNA pathway. CONCLUSIONS: In sum, identification of tissue-specific binding profiles and effector target genes reveals important insights into the mechanisms by which Rb/E2F controls distinct cell fates in vivo.

SUBMITTER: Kudron M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4053757 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tissue-specific direct targets of Caenorhabditis elegans Rb/E2F dictate distinct somatic and germline programs.

Kudron Michelle M Niu Wei W Lu Zhi Z Wang Guilin G Gerstein Mark M Snyder Michael M Reinke Valerie V

Genome biology 20130123 1

<h4>Background</h4>The tumor suppressor Rb/E2F regulates gene expression to control differentiation in multiple tissues during development, although how it directs tissue-specific gene regulation in vivo is poorly understood.<h4>Results</h4>We determined the genome-wide binding profiles for Caenorhabditis elegans Rb/E2F-like components in the germline, in the intestine and broadly throughout the soma, and uncovered highly tissue-specific binding patterns and target genes. Chromatin association b ...[more]

PMID: 23347407

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Project description:The Rb/E2F tumor suppressor regulates gene expression to control the onset and timing of differentiation in many different cell types during development. This critical function makes Rb/E2F a frequent target for inactivation in tumors of diverse tissue origin. However, the mechanisms by which Rb/E2F governs tissue-specific gene regulation in vivo are poorly understood. We have determined the genome-wide binding profiles for components of the C. elegans Rb/E2F transcriptional regulatory pathway in the germ line, the intestine, and broadly in somatic tissues. Rb/E2F exhibits highly tissue-specific regulation, with unique sets of target genes that are activated or repressed depending on whether cells are in a progenitor (germ line) or terminally differentiated (somatic) state. In particular, LIN-35 binding is impaired in the germ line relative to the soma. Moreover, in the intestine, LIN-35 binds independently of EFL-1/DPL-1 at broad intergenic sites at which the heterochromatin protein HPL-2 also binds. Finally, recently defined âHOTâ sites, which are non-specifically bound by many unrelated factors, appear to be restricted primarily to somatic tissues, suggesting that germ line chromatin is in a state that globally restricts promiscuous association of regulatory factors. In sum, these tissue-specific binding profiles led to significant mechanistic insights into tissue-specific properties of Rb/E2F function in C. elegans that are likely relevant to other organisms. Staged C. elegans worms carrying different transgenes expressing GFP-transcription factors under different promoters were treated to ChIP-seq in biological replicate. A total of eleven different transgenic lines were analyzed. Three transcription factors (LIN-35, EFL-1 and DPL-1) were each tagged with GFP and expressed under the pie-1 promoter (germline), the ges-1 promoter (intestine), or their endogenous promoter (somatic expression), for a total of nine lines. In addition, LIN-35:GFP was expressed under the mex-5 promoter (germline), and HPL-2 was expressed under the ges-1 promoter, for an additional two lines. All strains with germline expression were analyzed as young adults, while the intestine or somatic expressed lines were analyzed as L1s. For each replicate of each transgenic line at the appropriate stage, anti-GFP was used to immunoprecipitate the tagged transcription factor, and the factor-enriched chromatin was subjected to Illumina sequencing. As a control, for every ChIP sample, the input (without immunoprecipitation) was also sequenced.

Dataset Information

Tissue-specific direct targets of Caenorhabditis elegans Rb/E2F dictate distinct somatic and germline programs.

Publications

Tissue-specific direct targets of Caenorhabditis elegans Rb/E2F dictate distinct somatic and germline programs.

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