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Cellular transcriptome analysis reveals differential expression of pro- and antiapoptosis genes by varicella-zoster virus-infected neurons and fibroblasts.

ABSTRACT: Transcriptional changes following varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection of cultured human neurons derived from embryonic stem cells were compared to those in VZV-infected human foreskin fibroblasts. Transcription of 340 neuronal genes significantly altered by VZV infection included 223 transcript changes unique to neurons. Strikingly, genes inhibiting apoptosis were upregulated in neurons, while proapoptotic gene transcription was increased in fibroblasts. These data are a basis for discovery of differences in virus-host interactions between these VZV targets.

SUBMITTER: Markus A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4054417 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cellular transcriptome analysis reveals differential expression of pro- and antiapoptosis genes by varicella-zoster virus-infected neurons and fibroblasts.

Markus Amos A Waldman Ben-Asher Hiba H Kinchington Paul R PR Goldstein Ronald S RS

Journal of virology 20140416 13

Transcriptional changes following varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection of cultured human neurons derived from embryonic stem cells were compared to those in VZV-infected human foreskin fibroblasts. Transcription of 340 neuronal genes significantly altered by VZV infection included 223 transcript changes unique to neurons. Strikingly, genes inhibiting apoptosis were upregulated in neurons, while proapoptotic gene transcription was increased in fibroblasts. These data are a basis for discovery o ...[more]

PMID: 24741086

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Project description:Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus, causes varicella, establishes lifelong latency in ganglionic neurons, and reactivates later in life to cause herpes zoster, commonly associated with chronic pain. The VZV genome is densely packed and produces multitudes of overlapping transcripts deriving from both strands. While 71 distinct open reading frames (ORFs) have thus far been experimentally defined, the full coding potential of VZV remains unknown. Here, we integrated multiple short-read RNA sequencing approaches with long-read direct RNA sequencing on RNA isolated from VZV-infected cells to provide a comprehensive reannotation of the lytic VZV transcriptome architecture. Through precise mapping of transcription start sites, splice junctions, and polyadenylation sites, we identified 136 distinct polyadenylated VZV RNAs that encode canonical ORFs, noncanonical ORFs, and ORF fusions, as well as putative noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Furthermore, we determined the kinetic class of all VZV transcripts and observed, unexpectedly, that transcripts encoding the ORF62 protein, previously designated Immediate-Early, were expressed with Late kinetics. Our work showcases the complexity of the VZV transcriptome and provides a comprehensive resource that will facilitate future functional studies of coding RNAs, ncRNAs, and the biological mechanisms underlying the regulation of viral transcription and translation during lytic VZV infection.IMPORTANCE Transcription from herpesviral genomes, executed by the host RNA polymerase II and regulated by viral proteins, results in coordinated viral gene expression to efficiently produce infectious progeny. However, the complete coding potential and regulation of viral gene expression remain ill-defined for the human alphaherpesvirus varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causative agent of both varicella and herpes zoster. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the VZV transcriptome and the kinetic class of all identified viral transcripts, using two virus strains and two biologically relevant cell types. Additionally, our data provide an overview of how VZV diversifies its transcription from one of the smallest herpesviral genomes. Unexpectedly, the transcript encoding the major viral transactivator protein (pORF62) was expressed with Late kinetics, whereas orthologous transcripts in other alphaherpesviruses are typically expressed during the immediate early phase. Therefore, our work both establishes the architecture of the VZV transcriptome and provides insight into regulation of alphaherpesvirus gene expression.

Dataset Information

Cellular transcriptome analysis reveals differential expression of pro- and antiapoptosis genes by varicella-zoster virus-infected neurons and fibroblasts.

Publications

Cellular transcriptome analysis reveals differential expression of pro- and antiapoptosis genes by varicella-zoster virus-infected neurons and fibroblasts.

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