Dataset Information

Association between tobacco and alcohol use among young adult bar patrons: a cross-sectional study in three cities.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Bars and nightclubs are key public venues where young adults congregate and use both tobacco and alcohol, and young adult bar patrons are at high risk for substance use. This study examined the association between cigarette smoking and alcohol use among a random sample of young adult bar patrons from three different cities in the USA. METHODS:Cross-sectional data was collected from a random sample of young adult bar patrons aged 18-29 in San Diego, CA (N?=?1,150), Portland, ME (N?=?1,019), and Tulsa, OK (N?=?1,106) from 2007-2010 (response rate 88%) using randomized time location sampling. Respondents reported the number of days they smoked cigarettes, drank alcohol, and binge drank in the past 30 days. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the association between smoking (nonsmoker, occasional smoker, and regular smoker) and drinking and binge drinking for each city controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education. Predicted probabilities of each smoking category were calculated by drinking and binge drinking status. The association between smoking and drinking and binge drinking among combined samples was also analyzed, controlling for demographic variables and city. RESULTS:Respondents reported high current smoking rates, ranging from 51% in Portland to 58% in Tulsa. Respondents in Tulsa were more likely to report regular smoking than those in San Diego and Portland, with demographic variables being controlled. Young adult bar patrons also exhibited a strong association between smoking and drinking. In general, as the frequency of drinking and binge drinking increased, the predicted probability of being a smoker, especially a regular smoker, increased in each city. CONCLUSIONS:Young adult bar patrons consistently reported a high smoking rate and a strong relationship between smoking and drinking, regardless of the different bar cultures and tobacco control contexts in each of the three cities. While smoke-free bar policies were negatively associated with regular smoking, these policies alone may not be enough to influence the association between smoking and drinking, particularly if tobacco marketing continues in these venues, or in the absence of programs specifically addressing the co-use of tobacco and alcohol.

SUBMITTER: Jiang N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4055258 | biostudies-literature | 2014 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association between tobacco and alcohol use among young adult bar patrons: a cross-sectional study in three cities.

Jiang Nan N Lee Youn Ok YO Ling Pamela M PM

BMC public health 20140524

<h4>Background</h4>Bars and nightclubs are key public venues where young adults congregate and use both tobacco and alcohol, and young adult bar patrons are at high risk for substance use. This study examined the association between cigarette smoking and alcohol use among a random sample of young adult bar patrons from three different cities in the USA.<h4>Methods</h4>Cross-sectional data was collected from a random sample of young adult bar patrons aged 18-29 in San Diego, CA (N = 1,150), Portl ...[more]

PMID: 24886521

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Project description:ObjectiveNightclub patrons who consume alcohol and drugs in these venues would appear to be an important population to target with on-demand ride hailing app (RHA) services to reduce drunk/drugged driving (DUI). The present study is an exploratory examination of RHA use to avoid DUI behavior, as well as the perceived barriers and benefits of such RHA use, among young adult nightclub patrons in Miami who use drugs.MethodsCompleters of a 2011-2015 randomized controlled trial of brief interventions to reduce health risk behaviors among young adult nightclub patrons were recruited to participate in a single self-administered computer-assisted interview about health risks, driving behaviors, and RHA perceptions and use. Recruitment (N = 123) began in June 2016 and ended in July 2017. Bivariable logistic regression and ANOVA models examined group differences between: (a) those who had used an RHA to avoid DUI vs. not; and (b) those who used RHAs as their primary mode of transportation to nightclubs vs. not.ResultsAbout half were female (52.8%); median age was 29; 59.4% Hispanic, 31.7% Black, 8.1% white, 0.8% other race/ethnicity. Recent alcohol and marijuana use were almost universally endorsed, and more than half reported recent use/misuse of cocaine (72.4%), MDMA (63.4%), and prescription benzodiazepines (62.6%) and opioids (56.9%). More than 80% reported driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs in the past 12 months, and 17.1% experienced a DUI arrest in the prior two years. Almost two-thirds (65.9%) of participants had used an on-demand RHA to avoid DUI, but self-driving or riding in another's car were the most common (76.4%) primary modes of transportation to clubs. RHAs were the primary mode of travel to clubs for 21 (17.1%) respondents. Participants whose friends strongly disapproved of DUI were more than twice as likely to have used RHAs for this reason compared to those who had not done so. Those reporting RHA use to avoid DUI were less likely than others to have driven under the influence in the past 12 months and were somewhat more likely to endorse DUI-related risks. Those who used alternate modes of transportation were more likely than those who used RHAs as their primary mode of transportation to clubs to endorse the expense of RHAs and the lack of RHA drivers near their favorite clubs as barriers to RHA use to travel to nightclubs.ConclusionsThis novel study among a high-risk population points to the potential for on-demand RHAs to reduce DUI behaviors and arrests among young adult nightclub patrons who consume alcohol and/or drugs in the context of the club experience. Our findings point to key educational, peer support, and structural targets for intervention to increase the use of RHAs among this population, specifically, club-based incentives for increasing RHA availability and affordability. Research is needed to fully elucidate the findings of this exploratory study, including potential differences in intervention approaches depending on the location-specific public transportation options.

Project description:ObjectivesTo assess the levels of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure before and after the implementation of the Tobacco Free Cities (TFC) initiative.DesignCity-wide representative, cross-sectional surveys (Tobacco Questions for Surveys, TQS) were conducted in each participating city before and after the implementation of TFC.SettingFive large Chinese cities (Chengdu, Chongqing, Wuhan, Xiamen and Xi'an) participated in the TFC initiative.ParticipantsA total of 10 184 adults participated in the 2015 TQS survey, and 10 233 adults participated in the 2018 TQS survey, respectively.InterventionsThe TFC initiative, which included targeted media campaigns, educational programmes, implementing city-wide smoke-free policies and providing cessation interventions, was implemented in these five cities between 2015 and 2018.Main outcomeSelf-reported past 30-day (P30D) SHS exposure in indoor workplaces, restaurants and homes.Data analysisThe pre-TFC and post-TFC SHS exposure levels were compared among all residents and among certain population subgroups. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate the adjusted associations between P30D SHS exposure and individual characteristics.ResultsAcross all five cities, the overall rate of self-reported P30D SHS exposure declined in indoor workplaces (from 49.6% (95% CI: 46.4% to 52.8%) to 41.2% (95% CI: 37.7% to 44.7%)), restaurants (from 72.4% (95% CI: 69.8% to 74.9%) to 61.7% (95% CI: 58.7% to 64.7%)) and homes (from 39.8% (95% CI: 36.9% to 42.7%) to 34.7% (95% CI: 31.5% to 37.8%)) from 2015 to 2018. These declines were statistically significant after controlling for individual characteristics. The P30D SHS exposure was associated with sex, age, education level, occupation and current smoking status. The associations varied by venues.ConclusionsOur analysis showed that compared with the nationwide SHS exposure levels reported in concurrent national surveys, the declines in P30D SHS exposure in five Chinese cities that implemented the TFC initiative were larger in indoor workplaces and restaurants. Our findings suggest that the TFC initiative was effective in reducing SHS exposure in Chinese cities.

Project description:There is concern about the negative impact of modern consumer culture on young people's mental health, but very few studies have investigated associations with substance use. In those which have, positive associations have been attributed to attempts to satisfy the unmet needs of more materialistic individuals. This study examines associations between different dimensions of consumerism and tobacco and alcohol use among Scottish early adolescents. Cross-sectional study. 2937 (92% of those eligible) secondary school pupils (ages 12-14) completed questionnaires in examination conditions. Analyses were restricted to those with complete data on all relevant variables (N=2736 smoking; N=2737 drinking). Dependent variables comprised ever smoking and current drinking. Measures of consumerism comprised number of 'premium' (range 0-7) and 'standard' (range 0-5) material possessions and three Consumer Involvement subscales, 'dissatisfaction', 'consumer orientation' and 'brand awareness' (each range 3-12). Analyses also included school-year group and family affluence. Ever smoking and current drinking were both more prevalent among adolescents with more 'premium' and 'standard' material possessions, greater consumer 'dissatisfaction' and 'brand awareness' (mutually adjusted analyses including school-year group and family affluence). The strongest relationships occurred for 'brand awareness': for each unit increase in 'brand awareness' the ORs (95% CI) of ever smoking were 1.17 (1.08 to 1.26) and 1.23 (1.14 to 1.33) in males and females, respectively; and those for drinking were 1.15 (1.08 to 1.23) and 1.21 (1.13 to 1.30). 'Brand awareness' had an equal or stronger relationship with both smoking and drinking than did family affluence. These results suggest aassociations between consumerism and both smoking and drinking might arise because adolescent identities incorporate both consumerism and substance use, or be the result of promotion (indirectly in the case of tobacco) linking consumerist or aspirational lifestyles with these behaviours.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:To explore health literacy as a marker of voter confusion in order to understand the basis for public opposition to community water fluoridation. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study. SETTING:Conducted in three large US cities of San Antonio, Texas (602 voting precincts); Wichita, Kansas (171 voting precincts); and Portland, Oregon (132 voting precincts). Precinct-level voting data were compiled from community water fluoridation referendums conducted in San Antonio in 2002, Wichita in 2012 and Portland in 2013. PARTICIPANTS:Voter turnout expressed as a percentage of registered voters was 38% in San Antonio (n=2?92?811), 47% in Wichita (n=129?199) and 38% in Portland (n=164?301). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The dependent variable was the percentage of votes in favour of fluoridating drinking water. Precinct-level voting data were mapped to precinct scores of health literacy, and to US Census and American Community Survey characteristics of race/ethnicity, age, income and educational attainment. Multilevel regression with post-stratification predicted the precinct mean health literacy scores, with weights generated from the National Association of Adult Literacy health literacy survey, with item response theory computed scoring for health literacy. Predictive models on voter support of community water fluoridation were compared using robust linear regression to determine how precinct-level characteristics influenced voter support in order to determine whether health literacy explained more variance in voting preference than sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS:Precinct-level health literacy was positively associated with voter turnout, although sociodemographic characteristics were better predictors of turnout. Approximately 60% of voters opposed community water fluoridation in Wichita and Portland, whereas in San Antonio, a small majority (53%) voted in favour of it. Models suggest that a one SD increase in health literacy scores predicted a 12 percentage point increase support for community water fluoridation. CONCLUSION:Educational attainment and health literacy are modifiable characteristics associated with voting precincts' support for community water fluoridation.

Dataset Information

Association between tobacco and alcohol use among young adult bar patrons: a cross-sectional study in three cities.

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Association between tobacco and alcohol use among young adult bar patrons: a cross-sectional study in three cities.

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