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Structural basis for calcium and magnesium regulation of a large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel with ?1 subunits.

ABSTRACT: Large conductance Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels, composed of pore-forming ? subunits and auxiliary ? subunits, play important roles in diverse physiological activities. The ?1 is predominately expressed in smooth muscle cells, where it greatly enhances the Ca(2+) sensitivity of BK channels for proper regulation of smooth muscle tone. However, the structural basis underlying dynamic interaction between BK mSlo1 ? and ?1 remains elusive. Using macroscopic ionic current recordings in various Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) concentrations, we identified two binding sites on the cytosolic N terminus of ?1, namely the electrostatic enhancing site (mSlo1(K392,R393)-?1(E13,T14)), increasing the calcium sensitivity of BK channels, and the hydrophobic site (mSlo1(L906,L908)-?1(L5,V6,M7)), passing the physical force from the Ca(2+) bowl onto the enhancing site and S6 C-linker. Dynamic binding of these sites affects the interaction between the cytosolic domain and voltage-sensing domain, leading to the reduction of Mg(2+) sensitivity. A comprehensive structural model of the BK(mSlo1 ?-?1) complex was reconstructed based on these functional studies, which provides structural and mechanistic insights for understanding BK gating.

SUBMITTER: Liu HW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4059135 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Structural basis for calcium and magnesium regulation of a large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel with β1 subunits.

Liu Hao-Wen HW Hou Pan-Pan PP Guo Xi-Ying XY Zhao Zhi-Wen ZW Hu Bin B Li Xia X Wang Lu-Yang LY Ding Jiu-Ping JP Wang Sheng S

The Journal of biological chemistry 20140424 24

Large conductance Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels, composed of pore-forming α subunits and auxiliary β subunits, play important roles in diverse physiological activities. The β1 is predominately expressed in smooth muscle cells, where it greatly enhances the Ca(2+) sensitivity of BK channels for proper regulation of smooth muscle tone. However, the structural basis underlying dynamic interaction between BK mSlo1 α and β1 remains elusive. Using macroscopic ionic current reco ...[more]

PMID: 24764303

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Project description:BackgroundMutations in the genes encoding the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, especially KCNMA1 encoding its α-subunit, have been linked to several neurological features, including intellectual disability or autism. Associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, sensory function disturbances are considered to be important clinical features contributing to a variety of behavioral impairments. Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are important in regulating neurotransmission in sensory circuits, including visual pathways. Deficits in visual function can contribute substantially to poor quality of life, while therapeutic approaches aimed at addressing such visual deficits represent opportunities to improve neurocognitive and neurobehavioral outcomes.Case presentationWe describe the case of a 25-year-old Caucasian male with autism spectrum disorder and severe intellectual disability presenting large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel haploinsufficiency due to a de novo balanced translocation (46, XY, t [9; 10] [q23;q22]) disrupting the KCNMA1 gene. The visual processing pathway of the subject was evaluated using both electroretinography and visual contrast sensitivity, indicating that both retinal bipolar cell function and contrast discrimination performance were reduced by approximately 60% compared with normative control values. These findings imply a direct link between KCNMA1 gene disruption and visual dysfunction in humans. In addition, the subject reported photophobia but did not exhibit strabismus, nystagmus, or other visual findings on physical examination.ConclusionsThis case study of a subject with large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel haploinsufficiency and photophobia revealed a visual pathway deficit at least at the retinal level, with diminished retinal light capture likely due to bipolar cell dysfunction and an associated loss of contrast sensitivity. The data suggest that large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels play an important role in the normal functioning of the visual pathway in humans, and that their disruption may play a role in visual and other sensory system symptomatology in large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channelopathies or conditions where disruption of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel function is a relevant feature of the pathophysiology, such as fragile X syndrome. This work suggests that the combined use of physiological (electroretinography) and functional (contrast sensitivity) approaches may have utility as a biomarker strategy for identifying and characterizing visual processing deficits in individuals with large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channelopathy. Trial registration ID-RCB number 2019-A01015-52, registered 17/05/2019.

Dataset Information

Structural basis for calcium and magnesium regulation of a large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel with ?1 subunits.

Publications

Structural basis for calcium and magnesium regulation of a large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel with β1 subunits.

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