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Prevalence of optimal treatment regimens in patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension based on office blood pressure in a community-based practice network.

ABSTRACT: Hypertensive patients with clinical blood pressure (BP) uncontrolled on ?3 antihypertensive medications (ie, apparent treatment-resistant hypertension [aTRH]) comprise ?28% to 30% of all uncontrolled patients in the United States. However, the proportion receiving these medications in optimal doses is unknown; aTRH is used because treatment adherence and measurement artifacts were not available in electronic record data from our >200 community-based clinics Outpatient Quality Improvement Network. This study sought to define the proportion of uncontrolled hypertensives with aTRH on optimal regimens and clinical factors associated with optimal therapy. During 2007-2010, 468 877 hypertensive patients met inclusion criteria. BP <140/<90 mm Hg defined control. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess variables independently associated with optimal therapy (prescription of diuretic and ?2 other BP medications at ?50% of maximum recommended hypertension doses). Among 468 877 hypertensives, 147 635 (31.5%) were uncontrolled; among uncontrolled hypertensives, 44 684 were prescribed ?3 BP medications (30.3%), of whom 22 189 (15.0%) were prescribed optimal therapy. Clinical factors independently associated with optimal BP therapy included black race (odds ratio, 1.40 [95% confidence interval, 1.32-1.49]), chronic kidney disease (1.31 [1.25-1.38]), diabetes mellitus (1.30 [1.24-1.37]), and coronary heart disease risk equivalent status (1.29 [1.14-1.46]). Clinicians more often prescribe optimal therapy for aTRH when cardiovascular risk is greater and treatment goals lower. Approximately 1 in 7 of all uncontrolled hypertensives and 1 in 2 with uncontrolled aTRH are prescribed ?3 BP medications in optimal regimens. Prescribing more optimal pharmacotherapy for uncontrolled hypertensives including aTRH, confirmed with out-of-office BP, could improve hypertension control.

SUBMITTER: Egan BM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4066303 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prevalence of optimal treatment regimens in patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension based on office blood pressure in a community-based practice network.

Egan Brent M BM Zhao Yumin Y Li Jiexiang J Brzezinski W Adam WA Todoran Thomas M TM Brook Robert D RD Calhoun David A DA

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20130805 4

Hypertensive patients with clinical blood pressure (BP) uncontrolled on ≥3 antihypertensive medications (ie, apparent treatment-resistant hypertension [aTRH]) comprise ≈28% to 30% of all uncontrolled patients in the United States. However, the proportion receiving these medications in optimal doses is unknown; aTRH is used because treatment adherence and measurement artifacts were not available in electronic record data from our >200 community-based clinics Outpatient Quality Improvement Network ...[more]

PMID: 23918752

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Project description:BackgroundApparent treatment-resistant hypertension is common in patients with CKD. Whether measurement of 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring is valuable for risk-stratifying patients with resistant hypertension and CKD is unclear.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study, a prospective study of participants (n=1186) with CKD. Office BP was measured using standardized protocols; ambulatory BP was measured using Spacelabs monitors. Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension was defined on the basis of office BP, ambulatory BP monitoring, and use of more than three antihypertensive medications. Outcomes were composite cardiovascular disease, kidney outcomes, and mortality. Groups were compared using Cox regression analyses with a control group of participants without apparent treatment-resistant hypertension.ResultsOf 475 participants with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension on the basis of office BP, 91.6% had apparent treatment-resistant hypertension confirmed by ambulatory BP monitoring. Unadjusted event rates of composite cardiovascular disease, kidney outcomes, and mortality were higher in participants with ambulatory BP monitoring-defined apparent treatment-resistant hypertension compared with participants without apparent treatment-resistant hypertension. In adjusted analyses, the risks of composite cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.59 to 2.7), kidney outcomes (hazard ratio, 1.68; 95% CI, 0.88 to 3.21), and mortality (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.5 to 3.25) were not statistically significantly higher in participants with ambulatory BP monitoring-defined apparent treatment-resistant hypertension compared with participants without apparent treatment-resistant hypertension.ConclusionsIn our study population with CKD, most patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension defined on the basis of office BP have apparent treatment-resistant hypertension confirmed by ambulatory BP monitoring. Although ABPM-defined apparent treatment-resistant hypertension was not independently associated with clinical outcomes, it identified participants at high risk for adverse clinical outcomes.

Project description:Background: The epidemic of obesity, along with hypertension (HT) and cardiovascular disease, is a growing contributor to global disease burden. It is postulated that obese children are predisposed to hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Early detection and management of hypertension in these children can significantly modify the course of the disease. However, there is a paucity of studies for the characterization of blood pressure in obese children through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), especially in the developing world. This study aims to characterize ambulatory blood pressure in obese children and to explore feasibility of using office BP that will predict ambulatory hypertension. Methods:In the present study, 55 children with a body mass index (BMI) in the ?95th percentile for age and sex were enrolled in a tertiary care hospital and underwent 24 h of ABPM and detailed biochemical investigations. Results:Ambulatory hypertension was recorded in 14/55 (25.5%; white coat hypertension in 17/29 (58.6%) and masked hypertension in 2/26 (7.69%). For office SBP percentile the area under curve (AUC) was 0.773 (95% CI: 0.619-0.926, p = 0.005) and for office DBP percentile the AUC was 0.802 (95% CI: 0.638-0.966, p = 0.002). The estimated cut offs (Youden's index) for office blood pressure which predicts ambulatory hypertension in obese children were the 93rd percentile for systolic BP (sensitivity-67% and specificity-78%) and the 88th percentile for diastolic BP (sensitivity-83% and specificity-62%). Conclusion:Ambulatory blood pressure abnormalities are highly prevalent among children with obesity. Office blood pressure did not accurately predict ambulatory hypertension. More than half of the children labeled as "hypertension" on office blood pressure measurement in the study were diagnosed to have white coat hypertension (WCH), thus emphasizing the role of ABPM for evaluation of WCH before the child is subjected to detailed investigations or started on pharmacotherapy.

Dataset Information

Prevalence of optimal treatment regimens in patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension based on office blood pressure in a community-based practice network.

Publications

Prevalence of optimal treatment regimens in patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension based on office blood pressure in a community-based practice network.

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