Project description:Cold agglutinin disease arising in the context of chronic lymphocytic leukemia can misdiagnose a warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

| S-EPMC4831394 | biostudies-other

Successful Retreatment With Venetoclax in a Patient With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC9351936 | biostudies-literature

Obinutuzumab in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia-associated paraneoplastic pemphigus.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC9420346 | biostudies-literature

Familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Project description:Purpose of reviewFamilies with multiple individuals affected with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other related B-cell tumors have been described in the literature and strong familial aggregation has been seen in population studies. However, predisposing germline mutations have not been identified. We will discuss the spectrum of conditions associated with CLL in families and the advances in identifying the underlying susceptibility genes.Recent findingsFamilial CLL does not appear to differ substantially from sporadic CLL in terms of prognostic markers and clinical outcome, although it may be associated with more indolent disease. The precursor condition, monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, also aggregates in CLL families. Linkage studies have been conducted in high-risk CLL families to screen the whole genome for susceptibility loci but no gene mutations have yet been identified by this method. Association studies of candidate genes have implicated several genes as being important in CLL but more studies are needed. Results from whole-genome association studies are promising.SummaryThe ability to conduct large-scale genomic studies in unrelated CLL patients and in high-risk CLL families will play an important role in detecting susceptibility genes for CLL over the next few years and thereby help to delineate causal pathways.

| S-EPMC2891437 | biostudies-literature

Type II cryoglobulinemia in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and Sjogren's disease.

Project description:Type II cryoglobulinemia is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal immunoglobulins (Igs) precipitating in the blood at low temperatures and redissolving upon warming. Sjogren's disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disorder involving secretory gland malfunction that leads to persistent dryness of the mouth and eyes. Here, we report the case of a 61-year-old woman with a 7-year history of SjD who was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). However, her complicated clinical features could not be sufficiently explained by this disease alone. Immunofixation electrophoresis revealed monoclonal IgM-κ and polyclonal IgG-κ. The presence of precipitated cryoglobulin and elevated rheumatoid factor levels confirmed a diagnosis of type II cryoglobulinemia for this patient. To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first report of a patient with CLL/SLL, SjD, and type II cryoglobulinemia, which increased our understanding of immune system-related disorders. Because certain similar mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of these three diseases, a combination treatment of rituximab, ibrutinib, and dexamethasone resulted in a favorable prognosis for this patient.

| S-EPMC11550506 | biostudies-literature

Practical Management of the Venetoclax-Treated Patient in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Project description:Venetoclax is a potent oral, highly selective small-molecule inhibitor of the antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 protein approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma in treatment-naive patients (in combination with obinutuzumab) or for patients with relapsed/refractory CLL (in combination with rituximab). Venetoclax, in combination with azacitidine, decitabine, or low-dose cytarabine, is also approved in the United States for the treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults who are ≥ 75 years or have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. Clinical studies of patients with CLL or AML report both hematologic (e.g., neutropenia) and nonhematologic (e.g., gastrointestinal disorders and tumor lysis syndrome) adverse events associated with administration of venetoclax. It is therefore essential to provide information on the appropriate management of venetoclax-associated side effects. This article discusses the efficacy and safety of venetoclax administration and presents strategies specifically for the management of neutropenia and certain nonhematologic adverse events in patients receiving venetoclax for the treatment of AML and CLL.

| S-EPMC9214960 | biostudies-literature

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient-derived xenografts recapitulate clonal evolution to Richter transformation.

Project description:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell neoplasm with a heterogeneous clinical behavior. In 5-10% of patients the disease transforms into a diffuse large-B cell lymphoma known as Richter transformation (RT), which is associated with dismal prognosis. Here, we aimed to establish patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to study the molecular features and evolution of CLL and RT. We generated two PDXs by injecting CLL (PDX12) and RT (PDX19) cells into immunocompromised NSG mice. Both PDXs were morphologically and phenotypically similar to RT. Whole-genome sequencing analysis at different time points of the PDX evolution revealed a genomic landscape similar to RT tumors from both patients and uncovered an unprecedented RT subclonal heterogeneity and clonal evolution during PDX generation. In PDX12, the transformed cells expanded from a very small subclone already present at the CLL stage. Transcriptomic analysis of PDXs showed a high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and low B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling similar to the RT in the patients. IACS-010759, an OXPHOS inhibitor, reduced proliferation, and circumvented resistance to venetoclax. In summary, we have generated new RT-PDX models, one of them from CLL cells that mimicked the evolution of CLL to RT uncovering intrinsic features of RT cells of therapeutical value.

| S-EPMC10912031 | biostudies-literature

Ibrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: international experience from a named patient program.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC5927988 | biostudies-literature