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Zebrafish yolk lipid processing: a tractable tool for the study of vertebrate lipid transport and metabolism.

ABSTRACT: Dyslipidemias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, particularly in developed nations. Investigating lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in experimentally tractable animal models is a crucial step towards understanding and treating human dyslipidemias. The zebrafish, a well-established embryological model, is emerging as a notable system for studies of lipid metabolism. Here, we describe the value of the lecithotrophic, or yolk-metabolizing, stages of the zebrafish as a model for studying lipid metabolism and lipoprotein transport. We demonstrate methods to assay yolk lipid metabolism in embryonic and larval zebrafish. Injection of labeled fatty acids into the zebrafish yolk promotes efficient uptake into the circulation and rapid metabolism. Using a genetic model for abetalipoproteinemia, we show that the uptake of labeled fatty acids into the circulation is dependent on lipoprotein production. Furthermore, we examine the metabolic fate of exogenously delivered fatty acids by assaying their incorporation into complex lipids. Moreover, we demonstrate that this technique is amenable to genetic and pharmacologic studies.

SUBMITTER: Miyares RL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4073280 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Zebrafish yolk lipid processing: a tractable tool for the study of vertebrate lipid transport and metabolism.

Miyares Rosa L RL de Rezende Vitor B VB Farber Steven A SA

Disease models & mechanisms 20140508 7

Dyslipidemias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, particularly in developed nations. Investigating lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in experimentally tractable animal models is a crucial step towards understanding and treating human dyslipidemias. The zebrafish, a well-established embryological model, is emerging as a notable system for studies of lipid metabolism. Here, we describe the value of the lecithotrophic, or yolk-metabolizing, stages of the zebrafish as a model f ...[more]

PMID: 24812437

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Project description:Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) has shown potential as a probiotic for the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both humans and mice. However, relatively little is known about the effects of A. muciniphila on lipid metabolism, productivity, and product quality in laying hens. In this study, we explored whether A. muciniphila supplementation could improve lipid metabolism and egg quality in laying hens and sought to identify the underlying mechanism. In the first experiment, 80 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were divided into four groups, one of which was fed a normal diet (control group), while the other three groups were administered a high-energy, low-protein diet to induce fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS). Among the three FLHS groups, one was treated with phosphate-buffered saline, one with live A. muciniphila, and one with pasteurized A. muciniphila. In the second experiment, 140 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were divided into two groups and respectively fed a basal diet supplemented or not with A. muciniphila lyophilized powder. The results showed that, in laying hens with FLHS, treatment with either live or pasteurized A. muciniphila efficiently decreased body weight, abdominal fat deposition, and lipid content in both serum and the liver; downregulated the mRNA expression of lipid synthesis-related genes and upregulated that of lipid transport-related genes in the liver; promoted the growth of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing microorganisms and increased the cecal SCFAs content; and improved the yolk lipid profile. Additionally, the supplementation of lyophilized powder of A. muciniphila to aged laying hens reduced abdominal fat deposition and total cholesterol (TC) levels in both serum and the liver, suppressed the mRNA expression of cholesterol synthesis-related genes in the liver, reduced TC content in the yolk, increased eggshell thickness, and reshaped the composition of the gut microbiota. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that A. muciniphila can modulate lipid metabolism, thereby, promoting laying hen health as well as egg quality and nutritive value. Live, pasteurized, and lyophilized A. muciniphila preparations all have the potential for use as additives for improving laying hen production.

Project description:BackgroundThe utilization of mulberry branch fiber (MF), the largest by-product of the sericulture industry, is an important issue. Supplementation with MF as a dietary fiber for poultry may serve as a useful application. However, little is known about the effects of MF on liver lipid metabolism and egg yolk fatty acid composition of laying hens and their underlying mechanisms. In this study, we performed a multi-omics investigation to explore the variations in liver lipid metabolism, egg yolk fatty acid composition, gut microbiota, and the associations among them induced by dietary MF in laying hens.ResultsDietary MF had no harmful effects on the laying performance or egg quality in laying hens. The enzyme activities associated with lipid metabolism in the liver were altered by the addition of 5% MF, resulting in reduced liver fat accumulation. Furthermore, dietary 5% MF induced the variation in the fatty acid profiles of egg yolk, and increased the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content. We observed a significant reduction in the diversity of both gut bacteria and changes in their compositions after the addition of MF. Dietary MF significantly increased the abundance of genes involved in fatty acid biodegradation, and short-chain fatty acids biosynthesis in the gut microbiota of laying hens. The significant correlations were observed between the liver lipid metabolism enzyme activities of hepatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and total esterase with gut microbiota, including negative correlations with gut microbiota diversity, and multiple correlations with gut bacteria and viruses. Moreover, various correlations between the contents of PUFAs and monounsaturated fatty acids in egg yolk with the gut microbiota were obtained. Based on partial-least-squares path modeling integrated with the multi-omics datasets, we deduced the direct effects of liver enzyme activities and gut bacterial compositions on liver fat content and the roles of liver enzyme activities and gut bacterial diversity on egg yolk fatty acid composition.ConclusionsThe results indicate that dietary MF is beneficial to laying hens as it reduces the liver fat and improves egg yolk fatty acid composition through the enterohepatic axis. Video Abstract.

Dataset Information

Zebrafish yolk lipid processing: a tractable tool for the study of vertebrate lipid transport and metabolism.

Publications

Zebrafish yolk lipid processing: a tractable tool for the study of vertebrate lipid transport and metabolism.

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