Extended treatment of Cushing's disease with pasireotide: results from a 2-year, Phase II study.
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SUBMITTER: Boscaro M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4085509 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundTreating hypercortisolism in patients with Cushing's disease after failed surgery often requires chronic medication, underlining the need for therapies with favourable long-term efficacy and safety profiles.MethodsIn a randomised, double-blind study, 162 adult patients with persistent/recurrent or de novo Cushing's disease received pasireotide. Patients with mean urinary free cortisol at/below the upper limit of normal or clinical benefit at month 12 could continue receiving pasireotide during an open-ended, open-label phase, the outcomes of which are described herein.ResultsSixteen patients received 5 years of pasireotide treatment. Among these, median (95% confidence interval) percentage change from baseline in mean urinary free cortisol was -82.6% (-89.0, -41.9) and -81.8% (-89.8, -67.4) at months 12 and 60. Eleven patients had mean urinary free cortisol ≤ upper limit of normal at month 60. Improvements in clinical signs were sustained during long-term treatment. The safety profile of pasireotide at 5 years was similar to that reported after 12 months. Fifteen of 16 patients experienced a hyperglycaemia-related adverse event; glycated haemoglobin levels were stable between months 6 and 60. Adverse events related to hyperglycaemia, bradycardia, gallbladder/biliary tract, and liver safety were most likely to first occur by month 6; adverse event severity did not tend to worsen over time.ConclusionsThis represents the longest prospective trial of a medical therapy for Cushing's disease to date. A subset of patients treated with pasireotide maintained biochemical and clinical improvements for 5 years, with no new safety signals emerging. These data support the use of pasireotide as an effective long-term therapy for some patients with Cushing's disease.
| S-EPMC5486525 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:In the multinational, randomized, double-blind, Phase 3 B2305 study of patients with Cushing's disease (CD; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00434148), pasireotide substantially decreased urinary-free cortisol (UFC) levels, decreased mean corticotroph tumor volume, and improved clinical signs of disease. The current post hoc analysis further assesses the effects of pasireotide on corticotroph pituitary tumor volume. METHODS:Patients enrolled in the B2305 study had persistent or recurrent CD or newly diagnosed CD but were not surgical candidates. Enrollees were randomized to receive subcutaneous pasireotide, either 600-?g or 900-?g twice daily. Tumor volume was assessed independently at months 6 and 12 by 2 blinded radiologists and compared with baseline value and UFC response. RESULTS:Of 162 patients enrolled in the trial, 53 had measurable tumor volume data and were included in the post hoc analysis. Reductions in tumor volume were both dose and time dependent. Tumor volume reduction was more frequently observed at month 6 in the 900-?g group (75%) than in the 600-?g group (44%). Similarly, at month 12 (n?=?32), tumor volume reduction was observed more frequently in the 900-µg group (89%) than in the 600-µg group (50%). Control of UFC levels was not required for reduction of tumor volume. No relationship was noted between baseline tumor size and change in tumor size. CONCLUSIONS:Measurable decreases in pituitary tumor volume were observed in a large proportion of patients with CD and measurable tumor volume who were enrolled in the trial and treated with subcutaneous pasireotide; this decrease was not correlated with UFC control. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER:NCT00434148.
| S-EPMC7181422 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cushing's disease (CD) is a disorder in which chronic excess adrenocorticotropic hormone production is associated with multiple comorbidities and diminished quality of life. Postsurgical monitoring is important, and newer therapies are available for the management of surgical failure or disease recurrence. In this clinical case, we illustrate the importance of the nursing role in long-term management of CD, particularly as nurses may be the first point of contact for patients with CD. Alertness to disease signs and symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and improved outcomes. Successful therapy for CD requires careful monitoring of hormonal control, metabolic parameters, and therapy complications. Ongoing management requires lifelong monitoring of metabolic parameters, of side effects of treatment, and of signs of disease recurrence. Appropriate referrals may be required to facilitate overall outcomes and patient wellbeing. This patient was enrolled in a Phase III trial that was registered in the USA with clinicaltrial.gov.
| S-EPMC3833195 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesMany patients with Cushing's disease (CD) require chronic pharmacotherapy to control their hypercortisolism. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of long-acting pasireotide during a long-term extension study in patients with CD.DesignOpen-label extension to a 12-month Phase III study of long-acting pasireotide in CD (N = 150; NCT01374906).PatientsPatients with mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC) ≤ upper limit of normal (ULN) or receiving clinical benefit at core study end could continue long-acting pasireotide during the extension.ResultsEighty-one of 150 (54.0%) enrolled patients entered the extension. Median overall exposure to pasireotide at study end was 23.9 months; 39/81 (48.1%) patients completed the extension (received ≥ 12 months' treatment during the extension and could transit to a separate pasireotide safety study). mUFC was ≤ULN in 42/81 (51.9%), 13/81 (16.0%) and 43/81 (53.1%) patients at extension baseline, month (M) 36 and last assessment. Median mUFC remained within normal limits. Median late-night salivary cortisol was 2.6 × ULN at core baseline and 1.3 × ULN at M36. Clinical improvements were sustained over time. Forty-two (51.9%) patients discontinued during the extension: 25 (30.9%) before M24 and 17 (21.0%) after M24. Hyperglycaemia-related AEs occurred in 39.5% of patients. Mean fasting glucose (FPG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c ) were stable during the extension, with antidiabetic medication initiated/escalated in some patients. Sixty-six (81.5%) and 71 (88.9%) patients were classified as having diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, antidiabetic medication use, or history of diabetes) at extension baseline and last assessment.ConclusionsLong-acting pasireotide provided sustained biochemical and clinical improvements, with no new safety signals emerging, supporting its use as an effective long-term therapy for CD.
| S-EPMC6899900 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Measuring salivary cortisol is a simple, convenient and accurate technique with potential value in monitoring patients with hypercortisolism. This analysis reports changes in late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) during a 12-month, multicentre, Phase III study of patients with Cushing's disease who were randomized to pasireotide 600 or 900 μg sc bid. LNSC assessment was an exploratory objective based on a single, optional measurement at midnight ± 1 h on the same day as one of the 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) measurements. Of 162 enrolled patients, baseline LNSC was measured in 93. Sixty-seven patients had levels above the upper limit of normal (ULN); median baseline levels were 19.7 and 20.7 nmol/L in the groups subsequently randomized to 600 μg (n = 40) and 900 μg (n = 27), respectively. Median LNSC levels decreased from baseline to month 12; median changes in patients who had baseline LNSC > ULN in the 600 and 900 μg groups were -13.4 nmol/L (-52.6 %; n = 19) and -11.8 nmol/L (-56.1 %; n = 14), respectively. LNSC normalized at months 6 and 12 in 25/67 (37.3 %) and 13/67 (19.4 %) patients, respectively; 10/25 and 8/13 patients also had normalized UFC, and 7/25 and 4/13 had partial UFC control (UFC > ULN and ≥50 % decrease from baseline). There was a moderate correlation (r = 0.55) on the log scale between individual patient LNSC and UFC values when all time points were pooled. Pasireotide decreased LNSC levels during 12 months of treatment. Salivary cortisol may be a simple, convenient biomarker for assessing treatment response in patients with Cushing's disease.
| S-EPMC5083774 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeCushing's disease (CD) and acromegaly are characterized by excessive hormone secretion resulting in comorbidities such as impaired glucose metabolism, diabetes and hypertension. Pasireotide is a new-generation, multireceptor-targeted somatostatin receptor ligand approved for CD (subcutaneous [SC] injection formulation) and acromegaly (long-acting release [LAR] formulation). In clinical studies of pasireotide, hyperglycemia-related adverse events (AEs) were frequently observed. This review highlights differences in reported rates of hyperglycemia in pasireotide trials and discusses risk factors for and management of pasireotide-associated hyperglycemia.MethodsClinical trials evaluating pasireotide in patients with CD or acromegaly were reviewed.ResultsThe frequency of hyperglycemia-related AEs was lower in patients with acromegaly treated with pasireotide LAR (57.3-67.0 %) than in patients with CD treated with pasireotide SC (68.4-73.0 %). Fewer patients with acromegaly treated with pasireotide LAR discontinued therapy because of hyperglycemia-related AEs (Colao et al. in J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(3):791-799, 2014, 3.4 %; Gadelha et al. in Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2(11):875-884, 2014, 4.0 %) than did patients with CD treated with pasireotide SC (Boscaro et al. in Pituitary 17(4):320-326, 2014, 5.3 %; Colao et al. in N Engl J Med 366(10):914-924, 2012, 6.0 %). Hyperglycemia-related AEs occurred in 40.0 % of patients with acromegaly treated with pasireotide SC, and 10.0 % discontinued treatment because of hyperglycemia. Ongoing studies evaluating pasireotide LAR in patients with CD and management of pasireotide-induced hyperglycemia in patients with CD or acromegaly (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT01374906 and NCT02060383, respectively) will address these key safety issues.ConclusionsDisease pathophysiology, drug formulation, and physician experience potentially influence the differences in reported rates of pasireotide-induced hyperglycemia in CD and acromegaly. Hyperglycemic effects associated with pasireotide have a predictable pattern, can be managed with antidiabetic agents, and are reversible upon discontinuation.
| S-EPMC4996868 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeClinical trials have demonstrated the favorable efficacy/safety profile of pasireotide in patients with Cushing's disease (CD). We report interim long-term results of an ongoing real-world evidence study of subcutaneous pasireotide in patients with CD.MethodsAdults with CD receiving pasireotide, initiated before (prior-use) or at study entry (new-use), were monitored for ≤ 3 years during a multicenter observational study ( http://clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02310269). Primary objective was to assess long-term safety of pasireotide alone or with other CD therapies.ResultsAt the time of this interim analysis, 127 patients had received pasireotide (new-use, n = 31; prior-use, n = 96). Eight patients had completed the 3-year observation period, 53 were ongoing, and 66 had discontinued. Among 31 new-use and 92 prior-use patients with ≥ 1 safety assessment, respectively: 24 (77%) and 37 (40%) had drug-related adverse events (AEs); 7 (23%) and 10 (11%) had serious drug-related AEs. Most common drug-related AEs were nausea (14%), hyperglycemia (11%) and diarrhea (11%); these were more frequently reported in new users and mostly of mild-to-moderate severity. 14 (45%) new-use and 15 (16%) prior-use patients experienced hyperglycemia-related AEs. Mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC) was within normal range at baseline and months 1, 12 and 24, respectively, in: 1/16 (6%), 9/18 (50%), 1/3 (33%) and 0/0 new users; 28/43 (65%), 15/27 (56%), 27/33 (82%) and 12/19 (63%) prior users.ConclusionsPasireotide is well tolerated and provides sustained reductions in mUFC during real-world treatment of CD. The lower rate of hyperglycemia-related AEs in prior users suggests that hyperglycemia tends not to deteriorate if effectively managed soon after onset.Clinical trial registration numberNCT02310269.
| S-EPMC6728293 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction: The efficacy and safety of subcutaneous (sc) pasireotide have been evaluated in a Phase III trial. Here, we report safety and efficacy results from a multinational, expanded-access study of pasireotide sc in patients with Cushing's disease (CD) in a real-world setting (clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT01582061). Methods: Adults with active CD previously untreated with pasireotide were enrolled; pasireotide sc was initiated at 600 μg twice daily (bid; EU countries) or 900 μg bid (non-EU countries; 600 μg bid in patients with impaired glucose metabolism). Pasireotide dose could be adjusted in 300 μg increments/decrements to a maximum of 900 μg bid or minimum of 300 μg bid for sustained urinary free cortisol (UFC) normalization/tolerability issues. Primary objective: document the safety of pasireotide sc in patients with CD. Key secondary objectives: assess the proportion of patients with mean UFC (mUFC) not exceeding the upper limit of normal (ULN) and changes from baseline in clinical signs/symptoms and quality of life (QoL) to weeks 12, 24, and 48. Results: One hundred and four patients received pasireotide: female, n = 84 (80.8%); median duration of pasireotide exposure, 25.1 weeks; median (range) baseline mUFC, 321.2 nmol/24 h (142-10,920; 2.3 × ULN [1.0-79.2]). Forty (38.5%) patients completed the study. The most common reasons for premature discontinuation of pasireotide were unsatisfactory therapeutic effect (n = 26, 25.0%) and adverse events (AEs; n = 20, 19.2%). Drug-related grade 3/4 AEs or drug-related serious AEs (primary endpoint) were documented in 42 (40.4%) patients, most commonly diabetes mellitus (n = 12, 11.5%) and hyperglycemia (n = 8, 7.7%). All patients experienced ≥1 AE and most (n = 102; 98.1%) reported ≥1 drug-related AE; six (5.8%) patients discontinued treatment because of hyperglycemia-related AEs. At weeks 12, 24, and 48, respectively, 36/66 (54.5%), 22/46 (47.8%), and 9/21 (42.9%) evaluable patients had normalized mUFC levels. Clinical signs/symptoms and QoL were also improved. Conclusions: In an international, real-world, clinical-practice setting, pasireotide sc was generally well-tolerated (no new safety signals were identified), effectively reduced UFC (normalization in ~50% of evaluable patients) and improved clinical signs and QoL in patients with CD. While hyperglycemia-related AEs were common, consistent with previous studies, most were manageable, with <6% of patients discontinuing treatment because of these events.
| S-EPMC6646464 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Subcutaneous (SC) injection of pasireotide, a somatostatin analog, is approved for the treatment of adults with Cushing's disease (CD) for whom pituitary surgery was unsuccessful or is not an option. We highlight the symptomatic and biochemical improvement of six patients with recurrent CD treated with pasireotide SC at a single center for at least 1 year. Patients were treated either through commercial use (n = 5) or through the Phase 3 trial (n = 1; http://ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT00434148; study number, B2305). Most patients (n = 5) were female, and the mean age at diagnosis was 35.8 years. All patients demonstrated biochemical control at 1 year of treatment. Three of the five real-world patients followed for more than 1 year remain on pasireotide SC and are controlled. Two patients discontinued pasireotide SC; one patient because of persistently elevated urinary-free cortisol levels and gallstones, and the other because of treatment for an unrelated brain tumor. Symptomatic improvement varied, but all patients demonstrated weight loss. Nausea and mild, transient injection-site reactions were the most frequently reported adverse events. Although glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) increased after treatment initiation, four of five patients maintained HbA1c levels ≤7.0% while receiving pasireotide SC and concomitant individualized diabetes medication, if necessary. In patients who discontinued pasireotide SC, HbA1c levels decreased within 6 weeks. This report documents real-world use of pasireotide SC and indicates its effectiveness as a long-term treatment option for patients with CD. Although hyperglycemia was observed in most patients, it was managed with appropriate monitoring and treatment and was reversible upon discontinuation of pasireotide SC.
| S-EPMC5327352 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract Background: In a Phase II study, osilodrostat, a potent oral 11β-hydroxylase inhibitor, normalized mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC) in most patients with CD (Fleseriu M et al. Pituitary 2016;19:138-48). We report the efficacy and safety of osilodrostat in a large CD patient population in the first randomized withdrawal Phase III study in this rare, serious disorder (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02180217). Methods: Phase III, multicenter, double-blind, randomized withdrawal study following a 24-week, open-label, single-arm treatment phase. Open-label osilodrostat was initiated at 2 mg bid in 137 adults with CD and mUFC (mean of three 24-h samples) >1.5xULN (ULN=50.0 µg/24h), with dose adjustments every 2 weeks (dose range 1-30 mg bid) up to week (W) 12 based on efficacy (if mUFC >ULN) and tolerability. At W26, 71 eligible patients (mUFC ≤ULN at W24 without a dose increase after W12) were randomized to continue osilodrostat (n=36) or matching placebo (n=35) for 8 weeks, followed by open-label osilodrostat until W48. Patients who remained on treatment at W26 but were not eligible for randomization continued open-label osilodrostat (n=47). Primary endpoint: patients in each randomized group with mUFC ≤ULN at the end of the randomized withdrawal phase (W34) without a dose increase after W26. For all mUFC assessments, patients who discontinued were classed as non-responders at subsequent time points. Results: At baseline, median (range) mUFC was 3.5xULN (0.3-69.6) in enrolled patients. At the end of the randomized withdrawal period (W34), significantly more patients maintained mUFC ≤ULN (without a dose increase after W26) in the osilodrostat group than in the placebo group (86% vs 29%; OR 13.7, P<0.001). Other endpoints: at W24, 53% of enrolled patients had mUFC ≤ULN without a dose increase after W12 (key secondary endpoint); at W48, 66% of enrolled patients had mUFC ≤ULN; 96% of enrolled patients had mUFC ≤ULN at least once during the study; median time to first mUFC ≤ULN was 41 days. Median (range) duration of osilodrostat exposure was 75 weeks (1-165). By W48, 24 (18%) patients had discontinued the study, 15 (11%) because of AEs. Overall, the most common AEs were nausea (42%), headache (34%) and fatigue (28%). AEs related to hypocortisolism and adrenal-hormone-precursor accumulation occurred in 51% and 42% of patients, respectively. The most common AEs reported in the osilodrostat group during the randomized withdrawal period were nausea (11% vs 0% for placebo), anemia (8% vs 9%), arthralgia (8% vs 0%) and headache (8% vs 0%). Conclusion: Osilodrostat was significantly superior to placebo at maintaining mUFC ≤ULN after randomized withdrawal and normalized mUFC in two-thirds of enrolled patients at W48, with few patients discontinuing treatment because of AEs. This randomized withdrawal study demonstrates osilodrostat to be a highly effective treatment for CD, with good tolerability.
| S-EPMC6555000 | biostudies-literature