Dataset Information

Prospective cohort study of fever incidence and risk in elderly persons living at home.

ABSTRACT: To determine the incidence of fever among elderly persons under home medical management, diagnosis at fever onset and outcomes from a practical standpoint.Prospective cohort study.5 clinics in residential areas of Tokyo that process an average of 50-200?outpatients/day.Patients (n=419) aged ?65?years who received home medical management from the five clinics between 1 October 2009 and 30 September 2010.Fever (?37.5°C or ?1.5°C above usual body temperature), diagnosis at onset and outcomes (cure at home, hospitalisation and death).The incidence of fever was 2.5/1000 patient-days (95% CI 2.2 to 2.8). Fever occurred at least once (229 fever events) among one-third of the participants during the study period. Fever was more likely to arise in the wheelchair users or bedridden than in ambulatory individuals (HR 1.9 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.8; p<0.01); in patients with moderate-to-severe rather than those with none-to-mild cognitive impairment (HR, 1.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.6, p=0.01); and in those whose care-need levels were ?3 rather than ?2 (HR, 4.5 (95% CI 2.9 to 7.0; p<0.01). The causes of fever were pneumonia/bronchitis (n=103), skin and soft tissue infection (n=26), urinary tract infection (n=22) and the common cold (n=13). Fever was cured in 67% and 23% of patients at home and in hospital, respectively, and 5% of patients each died at home and in hospital. Antimicrobial agents treated 153 (67%) events in the home medical care setting.Fever was more likely to occur in those requiring higher care levels and the main cause of fever was pneumonia/bronchitis. Healthcare providers should consider the conditions of elderly residents with lower objective functional status.

SUBMITTER: Yokobayashi K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4091458 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Prospective cohort study of fever incidence and risk in elderly persons living at home.

Yokobayashi Kenichi K Matsushima Masato M Watanabe Takamasa T Fujinuma Yasuki Y Tazuma Susumu S

BMJ open 20140709 7

<h4>Objective</h4>To determine the incidence of fever among elderly persons under home medical management, diagnosis at fever onset and outcomes from a practical standpoint.<h4>Design</h4>Prospective cohort study.<h4>Setting</h4>5 clinics in residential areas of Tokyo that process an average of 50-200 outpatients/day.<h4>Participants</h4>Patients (n=419) aged ≥65 years who received home medical management from the five clinics between 1 October 2009 and 30 September 2010.<h4>Main outcome measure ...[more]

PMID: 25009132

Similar Datasets

Project description:Identification of blood biomarkers that prospectively predict progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis disease might lead to interventions that combat the tuberculosis epidemic. We aimed to assess whether global gene expression measured in whole blood of healthy people allowed identification of prospective signatures of risk of active tuberculosis disease. RESULTS:Between July 6, 2005, and April 23, 2007, we enrolled 6363 from the ACS study and 4466 from independent South African and Gambian cohorts. 46 progressors and 107 matched controls were identified in the ACS cohort. A 16 gene signature of risk was identified. The signature predicted tuberculosis progression with a sensitivity of 66Â·1% (95% CI 63Â·2â68Â·9) and a specificity of 80Â·6% (79Â·2â82Â·0) in the 12 months preceding tuberculosis diagnosis. The risk signature was validated in an untouched group of adolescents (p=0Â·018 for RNA sequencing and p=0Â·0095 for qRT-PCR) and in the independent South African and Gambian cohorts (p values <0Â·0001 by qRT-PCR) with a sensitivity of 53Â·7% (42Â·6â64Â·3) and a specificity of 82Â·8% (76Â·7â86) in 12 months preceding tuberculosis. Interpretation: The whole blood tuberculosis risk signature prospectively identified people at risk of developing active tuberculosis, opening the possibility for targeted intervention to prevent the disease. In this prospective cohort study, we followed up healthy, South African adolescents aged 12â18 years from the adolescent cohort study (ACS) who were infected with M tuberculosis for 2 years. We collected blood samples from study participants every 6 months and monitored the adolescents for progression to tuberculosis disease. A prospective signature of risk was derived from whole blood RNA sequencing data by comparing participants who developed active tuberculosis disease (progressors) with those who remained healthy (matched controls). After adaptation to multiplex qRT-PCR, the signature was used to predict tuberculosis disease in untouched adolescent samples and in samples from independent cohorts of South African and Gambian adult progressors and controls. Participants of the independent cohorts were household contacts of adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis disease.

Project description:BackgroundAlthough fever is considered a sign of infection, many individuals with primary immunodeficiency (PI) anecdotally report a lower-than-normal average body temperature on online forums sponsored by the Immune Deficiency Foundation (IDF). There is limited knowledge about the average body temperature and fever response in PI.ObjectiveThis study aims to compare median body temperatures between adults with and without PI diagnoses living in the same household and to engage individuals living with PI throughout the research process.MethodsPatients with PI designed and launched a prospective cohort comparison study as citizen scientists. A multidisciplinary team designed and implemented a patient-informed study with continuous patient-driven input. Median body temperatures were compared between the 2 cohorts using the Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction. The IDF conducted a post-study patient experience survey.ResultsData from 254 households were analyzed (254/350, 72.6% participation rate). The PI population was predominantly female (218/254, 85.8%), White (248/254, 97.6%), and with a median age of 49 years. The non-PI population was largely male (170/254, 66.9%), White (236/254, 92.9%), and with a median age of 53 years. Common variable immunodeficiency was the most common PI diagnosis (190/254, 74.8%). Of the 254 individuals with PI, 123 (48.4%) reported a lower-than-normal nonsick body temperature, whereas 108 (42.5%) reported a normal (between 97°F and 99°F) nonsick body temperature. Among individuals with PI, when infected, 67.7% (172/254) reported the absence of fever, whereas 19.7% (50/254) reported a normal fever response. The recorded median body temperature was minimally but statistically significantly higher for patients with PI in the morning. Although 22.4% (57/254) of patients with PI self-reported illness, a fever of 100.4°F or higher was uncommon; 77.2% (196/254) had a normal temperature (between 97°F and 99°F), and 16.2% (41/254) had a lower-than-normal temperature (between 95.0°F and 96.9°F) when sick. For these sick patients with PI, the median body temperature was minimally but statistically significantly higher for patients in the morning and early evening. Overall, 90.9% (231/254) of participants would be very likely to participate in future IDF studies, although 94.1% (239/254) participants had never taken part in previous studies.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate average body temperature in individuals with PI. Although there were small statistically significant differences in body temperatures between PI and non-PI subjects, the clinical significance is unclear and should be interpreted with caution, given the methodological issues associated with our small convenience sample and study design. As PIs are heterogeneous, more research is needed about how the fever response differs among diverse PIs compared with healthy controls. This study highlights that individuals with PI are knowledgeable about their health and can offer unique insights and direction to researchers and clinicians.

Project description:BackgroundThe epidemiologic studies investigating the association of birthweight and genetic factors with gastrointestinal cancer remain scarce. The study aimed to prospectively assess the interactions and joint effects of birthweight and genetic risk levels on gastrointestinal cancer incidence in adulthood.MethodsA total of 254,997 participants were included in the UK Biobank study. We used multivariate restricted cubic splines and Cox regression models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidential intervals (CI) for the association between birthweight and gastrointestinal cancer risk, then constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) to assess its interaction and joint effect with birthweight on the development of gastrointestinal cancer.ResultsWe documented 2512 incident cases during a median follow-up of 8.88 years. Compare with participants reporting a normal birthweight (2.5-4.5 kg), multivariable-adjusted HR of gastrointestinal cancer incidence for participants with high birthweight (≥4.5 kg) was 1.17 (95%CI: 1.01-1.36). Such association was remarkably observed in pancreatic cancer, with an HR of 1.82 (95%CI: 1.26-2.64). No statistically significant association was observed between low birth weight and gastrointestinal cancers. Participants with high birthweight and high PRS had the highest risk of gastrointestinal cancer (HR: 2.95, 95%CI: 2.19-3.96).ConclusionOur findings highlight that high birthweight is associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal cancer, especially for pancreatic cancer. Benefits would be obtained from birthweight control, particularly for individuals with a high genetic risk.KEY MESSAGESThe epidemiologic studies investigating the association of birthweight and genetic factors with gastrointestinal cancer remain scarce.This cohort study of 254,997 adults in the United Kingdom found an association of high birthweight with the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer, especially for pancreatic cancer, and also found that participants with high birthweight and high polygenic risk score had the highest risk of gastrointestinal cancer.Our data suggests a possible effect of in utero or early life exposures on adulthood gastrointestinal cancer, especially for those with a high genetic risk.

Project description:ObjectivesTo determine for each basic, instrumental, and mobility activity after hospitalization for acute medical illness: (1) disability prevalence immediately before and monthly for 6 months after hospitalization; (2) disability incidence 1 month after hospitalization; and (3) recovery time from incident disability during months 2 to 6 after hospitalization.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNew Haven, Connecticut.ParticipantsA total of 515 community-living persons, mean age 82.7 years, hospitalized for acute noncritical medical illness and alive within 1 month of hospital discharge.MeasurementsDisability was defined monthly for each basic (bathing, dressing, walking, transferring), instrumental (shopping, housework, meal preparation, taking medications, managing finances), and mobility activity (walking a quarter mile, climbing flight of stairs, lifting/carrying 10 pounds, driving) if help was needed to perform the activity or if a car was not driven in the prior month.ResultsDisability was common 1 and 6 months after hospitalization for activities frequently involved in leaving the home to access care including walking a quarter mile (prevalence 65% and 53%, respectively) and driving (65% and 61%). Disability was also common for activities involved in self-managing chronic health conditions including meal preparation (53% and 41%) and taking medications (41% and 31%). New disability was common and often prolonged. For example, 43% had new disability walking a quarter mile, and 30% had new disability taking medications, with mean recovery time of 1.9 months and 1.7 months, respectively. Findings were similar for the subgroup of persons residing at home (ie, not in a nursing home) at the first monthly follow-up interview after hospitalization.ConclusionDisability in specific functional activities important to leaving home to access care and self-managing health conditions is common, often new, and present for prolonged time periods after hospitalization for acute medical illness. Post-discharge care should support patients through extended periods of vulnerability beyond the immediate transitional period. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:486-495, 2020.

Project description:Background Offering living kidney donation raised the concern that donors are exposed to unknown risks. All Swiss transplant centres therefore decided to start a prospective cohort study of living kidney donors in Switzerland. This paper describes the rationale for and implementation of this cohort study. Methods/design All kidney donors in Switzerland are registered and examined before donation and biennially after donation starting in the first year after nephrectomy. Before each follow-up visit, the study centre sends a package to the kidney donor containing the health questionnaire, blood and urine tubes and a prepaid envelope for sending the samples to the central laboratory. The donor makes an appointment with their family physician, who examines the donor and reports findings such as pain and other complaints, blood pressure, creatinine, albumin, all major health events and the state of mental and social well-being to the study centre. The family doctor draws the blood sample and mails it with the urine sample in the prepaid envelope. All data are centrally managed. All abnormal findings in the follow-up of individual donors are regularly discussed with the principal investigator, and necessary clinical changes made and recorded in the database. The health insurance of the recipient covers all costs of the donor follow-up. The main outcomes are the occurrence of albuminuria, hypertension and renal insufficiency. The secondary outcomes are major somatic and social events such as death, cardiovascular disease, stroke and depression. Discussion This prospective cohort offers unique opportunities to assess the risks of living kidney donation and will allow us to examine the risks associated with the methods used for nephrectomy in Switzerland (various forms of open surgery and laparoscopic nephrectomy). The prospective collection of all clinically relevant data and the regular monitoring of donors will allow timely interventions at early stages before serious kidney and general health problems occur.

Dataset Information

Prospective cohort study of fever incidence and risk in elderly persons living at home.

Publications

Prospective cohort study of fever incidence and risk in elderly persons living at home.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets