Dataset Information

Serum carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes as potential biomarkers of dietary intake and their relation with incident type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-Norfolk study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Stable-isotope ratios of carbon (¹³C/¹²C, expressed as ?¹³C) and nitrogen (¹?N/¹?N, or ?¹?N) have been proposed as potential nutritional biomarkers to distinguish between meat, fish, and plant-based foods. OBJECTIVE:The objective was to investigate dietary correlates of ?¹³C and ?¹?N and examine the association of these biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes in a prospective study. DESIGN:Serum ?¹³C and ?¹?N (‰) were measured by using isotope ratio mass spectrometry in a case-cohort study (n = 476 diabetes cases; n = 718 subcohort) nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk population-based cohort. We examined dietary (food-frequency questionnaire) correlates of ?¹³C and ?¹?N in the subcohort. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by using Prentice-weighted Cox regression. RESULTS:Mean (±SD) ?¹³C and ?¹?N were -22.8 ± 0.4‰ and 10.2 ± 0.4‰, respectively, and ?¹³C (r = 0.22) and ?¹?N (r = 0.20) were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with fish protein intake. Animal protein was not correlated with ?¹³C but was significantly correlated with ?¹?N (dairy protein: r = 0.11; meat protein: r = 0.09; terrestrial animal protein: r = 0.12, P ? 0.013). ?¹³C was inversely associated with diabetes in adjusted analyses (HR per tertile: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.83; P-trend < 0.001], whereas ?¹?N was positively associated (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.38; P-trend = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:The isotope ratios ?¹³C and ?¹?N may both serve as potential biomarkers of fish protein intake, whereas only ?¹?N may reflect broader animal-source protein intake in a European population. The inverse association of ?¹³C but a positive association of ?¹?N with incident diabetes should be interpreted in the light of knowledge of dietary intake and may assist in identifying dietary components that are associated with health risks and benefits.

SUBMITTER: Patel PS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4095667 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Serum carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes as potential biomarkers of dietary intake and their relation with incident type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-Norfolk study.

Patel Pinal S PS Cooper Andrew J M AJ O'Connell Tamsin C TC Kuhnle Gunter G C GG Kneale Catherine K CK Mulligan Angela M AM Luben Robert N RN Brage Soren S Khaw Kay-Tee KT Wareham Nicholas J NJ Forouhi Nita G NG

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20140702 2

<h4>Background</h4>Stable-isotope ratios of carbon (¹³C/¹²C, expressed as δ¹³C) and nitrogen (¹⁵N/¹⁴N, or δ¹⁵N) have been proposed as potential nutritional biomarkers to distinguish between meat, fish, and plant-based foods.<h4>Objective</h4>The objective was to investigate dietary correlates of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N and examine the association of these biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes in a prospective study.<h4>Design</h4>Serum δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N (‰) were measured by using isotope ratio mass spectro ...[more]

PMID: 24990425

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is a key regulator of triglyceride metabolism. Elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and apoC-III levels are causally linked to coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. The mechanism(s) through which apoC-III increases CAD risk remains largely unknown. The aim was to confirm the association between apoC-III plasma levels and CAD risk and to explore which lipoprotein subfractions contribute to this relationship between apoC-III and CAD risk. APPROACH AND RESULTS:Plasma apoC-III levels were measured in baseline samples from a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk study. The study comprised 2711 apparently healthy study participants, of whom 832 subsequently developed CAD. We studied the association of baseline apoC-III levels with incident CAD risk, lipoprotein subfractions measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and inflammatory biomarkers. ApoC-III levels were significantly associated with CAD risk (odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-2.48 for highest compared with lowest quintile), retaining significance after adjustment for traditional CAD risk factors (odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.94). ApoC-III levels were positively correlated with triglyceride levels, (r=0.39), particle numbers of very-low-density lipoprotein (r=0.25), intermediate-density lipoprotein (r=0.23), small dense low-density lipoprotein (r=0.26), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (r=0.15), whereas an inverse correlation was observed with large low-density lipoprotein particle number (r=-0.11), P<0.001 for each. Mediation analysis indicated that the association between apoC-III and CAD risk could be explained by triglyceride elevation (triglyceride, very-low-density lipoprotein, and intermediate-density lipoprotein particles), small low-density lipoprotein particle size, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS:ApoC-III levels are significantly associated with incident CAD risk. Elevated levels of remnant lipoproteins, small dense low-density lipoprotein, and low-grade inflammation may explain this association.

Dataset Information

Serum carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes as potential biomarkers of dietary intake and their relation with incident type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-Norfolk study.

Publications

Serum carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes as potential biomarkers of dietary intake and their relation with incident type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-Norfolk study.

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