Dataset Information

High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and cognitive function and dementia risk: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.

ABSTRACT:

Aim

Clinical cardiovascular disease is a major risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. However, less is known about the association of subclinical myocardial damage with cognition and dementia. We sought to examine the associations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) with cognition and dementia.

Methods and results

Cross-sectional analysis of cognition (baseline 1996-98) and prospective analysis of dementia (follow-up through 2010) in 9472 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T was measured using a novel highly sensitive assay with a lower limit of the blank of 3 ng/L. Cognitive function was assessed by three tests: the delayed word recall test (DWRT), the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), and the word fluency test (WFT). Dementia was defined using ICD-9 codes. Linear regression and Cox models were adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The mean age of participants was 63 years, 59% were female, 21% were black, and 66% had hs-cTnT ≥3 ng/L. In cross-sectional analyses, higher hs-cTnT was associated with lower scores on the DSST (P-trend < 0.001) and the WFT (P-trend = 0.002), but not on the DWRT (P-trend = 0.089). Over a median of 13 years, there were 455 incident dementia hospitalizations. In prospective analyses, higher baseline concentrations of hs-cTnT were associated with an increased risk for dementia hospitalizations overall (P-trend < 0.001) and for vascular dementia (P-trend = 0.029), but not for Alzheimer's dementia (P-trend = 0.212).

Conclusion

Elevations in baseline concentrations of hs-cTnT were associated with lower cognitive test scores at baseline and increased dementia hospitalization risk during the follow-up. Our results suggest that subclinical myocardial injury is associated with cognition and dementia.

SUBMITTER: Schneider AL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4097965 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Epidemiologic data for cardiac abnormality predating decreased kidney function are sparse. We investigated the associations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) risk in a community-based cohort.A prospective cohort study.10,749 white and black participants at the fourth visit (1996-1998) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study with follow-up through 2010.hs-cTnT (3, 6, 9, and 14ng/L) and NT-proBNP (41.6, 81.0, 142.5, and 272.5pg/mL) levels were divided into 5 categories at the same percentiles (32th, 57th, 77th, and 91th; corresponding to ordinary thresholds of hs-cTnT), with the lowest category as a reference.Incident ESRD defined as initiation of dialysis therapy, transplantation, or death due to kidney disease.Relative risk and risk prediction of ESRD according to hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP levels based on Cox proportional hazards models.During a median follow-up of 13.1 years, 235 participants developed ESRD (1.8 cases/1,000 person-years). hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP levels were associated with ESRD risk independently of each other and of potential confounders, including kidney function and albuminuria (adjusted HRs for highest category, 4.43 [95% CI, 2.43-8.09] and 2.28 [95% CI, 1.44-3.60], respectively). For hs-cTnT level, the association was significant even at the third category (HR for 6-8ng/L of hs-cTnT, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.54-4.88]). Their associations were largely consistent even among persons without decreased kidney function or history of cardiovascular disease. hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP levels both significantly improved ESRD prediction (C statistic differences of 0.0084 [95% CI, 0.0005-0.0164] and 0.0045 [95% CI, 0.0004-0.0087], respectively, from 0.884 with conventional risk factors).Relatively small number of ESRD cases and single measurement of hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP.hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP levels independently predicted ESRD risk in the general population, with more evident results for hs-cTnT. These results suggest the involvement of cardiac abnormality, particularly cardiac injury, in the progression of reduced kidney function and/or may reflect the useful property of hs-cTnT as an end-organ damage marker.

Project description:ObjectiveCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes; yet, heterogeneity in CVD risk has been suggested in diabetes, providing a compelling rationale for improving diabetes risk stratification. We hypothesized that N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and high-sensitivity troponin T may enhance CVD risk stratification beyond commonly used markers of risk and that CVD risk is heterogeneous in diabetes.Research design and methodsAmong 8,402 participants without prevalent CVD at visit 4 (1996-1998) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study there were 1,510 subjects with diabetes (mean age 63 years, 52% women, 31% African American, and 60% hypertensive).ResultsOver a median follow-up of 13.1 years, there were 540 incident fatal/nonfatal CVD events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke). Both troponin T ≥14 ng/L (hazard ratio [HR] 1.96 [95% CI 1.57-2.46]) and NTproBNP >125 pg/mL (1.61 [1.29-1.99]) were independent predictors of incident CVD events at multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Addition of circulating cardiac biomarkers to traditional risk factors, abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG), and conventional markers of diabetes complications including retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral arterial disease significantly improved CVD risk prediction (net reclassification index 0.16 [95% CI 0.07-0.22]). Compared with individuals without diabetes, subjects with diabetes had 1.6-fold higher adjusted risk of incident CVD. However, participants with diabetes with normal cardiac biomarkers and no conventional complications/abnormal ECG (n = 725 [48%]) were at low risk (HR 1.12 [95% CI 0.95-1.31]), while those with abnormal cardiac biomarkers, alone (n = 186 [12%]) or in combination with conventional complications/abnormal ECG (n = 243 [16%]), were at greater risk (1.99 [1.59-2.50] and 2.80 [2.34-3.35], respectively).ConclusionsAbnormal levels of NTproBNP and troponin T may help to distinguish individuals with high diabetes risk from those with low diabetes risk, providing incremental risk prediction beyond commonly used markers of risk.

Dataset Information

High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and cognitive function and dementia risk: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.

Aim

Methods and results

Conclusion

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