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Nicotinic modulation of intrinsic brain networks in schizophrenia.

ABSTRACT: The nicotinic receptor is a promising drug target currently being investigated for the treatment of cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. A key step in this process is the development of noninvasive functional neuroimaging biomarkers that can be used to determine if nicotinic agents are eliciting their targeted biological effect, ideally through modulation of a fundamental aspect of neuronal function. To that end, neuroimaging researchers are beginning to understand how nicotinic modulation affects "intrinsic" brain networks to elicit potentially therapeutic effects. An intrinsic network is a functionally and (often) structurally connected network of brain areas whose activity reflects a fundamental neurobiological organizational principle of the brain. This review summarizes findings of the effects of nicotinic drugs on three topics related to intrinsic brain network activity: (1) the default mode network, a group of brain areas for which activity is maximal at rest and reduced during cognitive tasks, (2) the salience network, which integrates incoming sensory data with prior internal representations to guide future actions and change predictive values, and (3) multi-scale complex network dynamics, which describe these brain's ability to efficiency integrate information while preserving local functional specialization. These early findings can be used to inform future neuroimaging studies that examine the network effects of nicotinic agents.

SUBMITTER: Smucny J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4103690 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nicotinic modulation of intrinsic brain networks in schizophrenia.

Smucny Jason J Tregellas Jason J

Biochemical pharmacology 20130621 8

The nicotinic receptor is a promising drug target currently being investigated for the treatment of cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. A key step in this process is the development of noninvasive functional neuroimaging biomarkers that can be used to determine if nicotinic agents are eliciting their targeted biological effect, ideally through modulation of a fundamental aspect of neuronal function. To that end, neuroimaging researchers are beginning to understand how nicotinic modulation affec ...[more]

PMID: 23796751

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Project description:Acute exercise bouts alter resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) within cognitive, sensorimotor, and affective networks, but it remains unknown how these effects are influenced by exercise intensity. Twenty-five male athletes underwent individual fitness assessments using an incremental treadmill test. On separate days, they performed 'low' (35% below lactate threshold) and 'high' (20% above lactate threshold) intensity exercise bouts of 30?min. Rs-fMRI and Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) were acquired before and after each exercise bout. Networks of interest were extracted from twenty-two participants (3 dropouts). Pre-to-post changes and between conditions effects were evaluated using FSL's randomise by applying repeated measures ANOVA. Results were reported at p?<?0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons using threshold free cluster enhancement. PANAS revealed a significant increase in positive mood after both exercise conditions. Significant effects were observed between conditions in the right affective and reward network (ARN), the right fronto parietal network (FPN) and the sensorimotor network (SMN). Pre-to-post comparisons after 'low' exercise intensity revealed a significant increase in rs-FC in the left and right FPN, while after 'high'-intensity exercise rs-FC decreased in the SMN and the dorsal attention network (DAN) and increased in the left ARN. Supporting recent findings, this study is the first to report distinct rs-FC alterations driven by exercise intensity: (i) Increased rs-FC in FPN may indicate beneficial functional plasticity for cognitive/attentional processing, (ii) increased rs-FC in ARN may be linked to endogenous opioid-mediated internal affective states. Finally, (iii) decreased rs-FC in the SMN may signify persistent motor fatigue. The distinct effects on rs-FC fit with theories of transient persistent network alterations after acute exercise bouts that are mediated by different exercise intensities and impact differentially on cognitive/attentional or affective responses.

Dataset Information

Nicotinic modulation of intrinsic brain networks in schizophrenia.

Publications

Nicotinic modulation of intrinsic brain networks in schizophrenia.

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