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Transplanted perivascular adipose tissue accelerates injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia: role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.

ABSTRACT: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) expands during obesity, is highly inflamed, and correlates with coronary plaque burden and increased cardiovascular risk. We tested the hypothesis that PVAT contributes to the vascular response to wire injury and investigated the underlying mechanisms.We transplanted thoracic aortic PVAT from donor mice fed a high-fat diet to the carotid arteries of recipient high-fat diet-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. Two weeks after transplantation, wire injury was performed, and animals were euthanized 2 weeks later. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify adventitial macrophage infiltration and neovascularization and neointimal lesion composition and size. Transplanted PVAT accelerated neointimal hyperplasia, adventitial macrophage infiltration, and adventitial angiogenesis. The majority of neointimal cells in PVAT-transplanted animals expressed ?-smooth muscle actin, consistent with smooth muscle phenotype. Deletion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in PVAT substantially attenuated the effects of fat transplantation on neointimal hyperplasia and adventitial angiogenesis, but not adventitial macrophage infiltration. Conditioned medium from perivascular adipocytes induced potent monocyte chemotaxis in vitro and angiogenic responses in cultured endothelial cells.These findings indicate that PVAT contributes to the vascular response to wire injury, in part through monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-dependent mechanisms.

SUBMITTER: Manka D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4103955 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transplanted perivascular adipose tissue accelerates injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia: role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.

Manka David D Chatterjee Tapan K TK Stoll Lynn L LL Basford Joshua E JE Konaniah Eddy S ES Srinivasan Ramprasad R Bogdanov Vladimir Y VY Tang Yaoliang Y Blomkalns Andra L AL Hui David Y DY Weintraub Neal L NL

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 20140619 8

<h4>Objective</h4>Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) expands during obesity, is highly inflamed, and correlates with coronary plaque burden and increased cardiovascular risk. We tested the hypothesis that PVAT contributes to the vascular response to wire injury and investigated the underlying mechanisms.<h4>Approach and results</h4>We transplanted thoracic aortic PVAT from donor mice fed a high-fat diet to the carotid arteries of recipient high-fat diet-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor knock ...[more]

PMID: 24947528

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Project description:ObjectiveLipid mediators derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as resolvin D1 (RvD1) accelerate the resolution of inflammation and have potential as vascular therapeutics. The objective of this study was to evaluate local perivascular delivery of RvD1 as a means to attenuate neointimal hyperplasia in a rat model of arterial injury.MethodsSmooth muscle cells were harvested from rat aortas to study the effects of RvD1 on rat arterial vascular smooth muscle cell responses in vitro, with focus on inflammation, proliferation, migration, cytoskeletal changes, and cytotoxicity. The safety and efficacy of perivascular delivery of RvD1 through thin biodegradable three-layered poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) wraps or 25% Pluronic F127 gels were studied in a rat model of carotid angioplasty. A total of 200 ng of RvD1 was loaded into each construct for perivascular delivery after injury. Morphometric and histologic analyses were performed 3 and 14 days after injury.ResultsRvD1 attenuated rat arterial vascular smooth muscle cell inflammatory pathways, proliferation, migration, and mitogen-induced cytoskeletal changes in vitro, without evidence of cytotoxicity. RvD1-loaded wraps reduced neointimal formation after carotid angioplasty by 59% vs no-wrap controls (P = .001) and by 45% vs vehicle-wrap controls (P = .002). RvD1-loaded Pluronic gels similarly reduced neointimal formation by 49% vs no-gel controls (P = .02) and by 52% vs vehicle-gel controls (P = .02). No group was associated with infection, thrombosis, or negative vessel remodeling. Wraps were found to be easier to apply than gel constructs. Ki67 proliferation index was significantly lower in RvD1-loaded wrap-treated arteries compared with both no-wrap and vehicle-wrap controls at both 3 and 14 days after injury (65% vs no-wrap group and 70% vs vehicle-wrap group at day 3, 49% vs both control groups at day 14; P < .05). Similarly, oxidative stress (30% and 29%; P < .05) and nuclear factor κB activation (42% and 45%; P < .05) were significantly lower in the RvD1-loaded wrap group compared with both no-wrap and vehicle-wrap controls at 3 days after injury.ConclusionsLocal perivascular delivery of RvD1 attenuates formation of neointimal hyperplasia without associated toxicity in a rat model of carotid angioplasty. This effect is likely due to attenuation of inflammatory pathways as well as decreased arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration.

Project description:BackgroundPerivascular adipose-derived stem cells (PVASCs) can contribute to vascular remodeling, which are also capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages. The present study aims to investigate the mechanism of PVASC differentiation toward smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) as well as its function in neointimal hyperplasia.MethodsSingle-cell sequencing and bulk mRNA sequencing were applied for searching key genes in PVASC regarding its role in vascular remodeling. PVASCs were induced to differentiate toward SMCs and ECs in vitro, which was quantitatively evaluated using immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR), and Western blot. Lentivirus transfections were performed in PVASCs to knock down or overexpress TBX20. In vivo, PVASCs transfected with lentivirus were transplanted around the guidewire injured femoral artery. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was performed to examine their effects on neointimal hyperplasia.ResultsBulk mRNA sequencing and single-cell sequencing revealed a unique expression of TBX20 in PVASCs. TBX20 expression markedly decreased during smooth muscle differentiation while it increased during endothelial differentiation of PVASCs. TBX20 knockdown resulted in the upregulation of SMC-specific marker expression and activated Smad2/3 signaling, while inhibiting endothelial differentiation. In contrast, TBX20 overexpression repressed the differentiation of PVASCs toward smooth muscle cells but promoted endothelial differentiation in vitro. Transplantation of PVASCs transfected with TBX20 overexpression lentivirus inhibited neointimal hyperplasia in a murine femoral artery guidewire injury model. On the contrary, neointimal hyperplasia significantly increased in the TBX20 knockdown group.ConclusionA subpopulation of PVASCs uniquely expressed TBX20. TBX20 could regulate SMC and EC differentiation of PVASCs in vitro. Transplantation of PVASCs after vascular injury suggested that PVASCs participated in neointimal hyperplasia via TBX20.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:Macrophages are important producers of obesity-induced MCP-1; however, initial obesity-induced increases in MCP-1 production precede M1 macrophage accumulation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The initial cellular source of obesity-induced MCP-1 in vivo is currently unknown. Preliminary reports based on in vitro studies of preadipocyte cell lines and adherent stroma-vascular fraction cells suggest that resident stromal cells express MCP-1. In the past several years, elegant methods of identifying adipocyte progenitor cells (AdPCs) have become available, making it possible to study these cells in vivo. We have previously published that global deletion of transcription factor Inhibitor of Differentiation 3 (Id3) attenuates high fat diet-induced obesity, but it is unclear if Id3 plays a role in diet-induced MCP-1 production. We sought to determine the initial cellular source of MCP-1 and identify molecular regulators mediating MCP-1 production. METHODS:Id3 (+/+) and Id3 (-/-) mice were fed either a standard chow or HFD for varying lengths of time. Flow cytometry, semi-quantitative real-time PCR, ELISAs and adoptive transfers were used to assess the importance of AdPCs during diet-induced obesity. Flow cytometry was also performed on a cohort of 14 patients undergoing bariatric surgery. RESULTS:Flow cytometry identified committed CD45(-)CD31 (-) Ter119(-)CD29(+)CD34(+)Sca-1(+)CD24(-) adipocyte progenitor cells as producers of high levels of MCP-1 in VAT. High-fat diet increased AdPC numbers, an effect dependent on Id3. Loss of Id3 increased p21(Cip1) levels and attenuated AdPC proliferation, resulting in reduced MCP-1 and M1 macrophage accumulation in VAT, compared to Id3 (+/+) littermate controls. AdPC rescue by adoptive transfer of 50,000 Id3 (+/+) AdPCs into Id3 (-/-) recipient mice increased MCP-1 levels and M1 macrophage number in VAT. Additionally, flow cytometry identified MCP-1-producing CD45(-)CD31(-)CD34(+)CD44(+)CD90(+) AdPCs in human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue, with a higher percentage in omental adipose. Furthermore, high surface expression of CD44 marked abundant MCP-1 producers, only in visceral adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS:This study provides the first in vivo evidence, to our knowledge, that committed AdPCs in VAT are the initial source of obesity-induced MCP-1 and identifies the helix-loop-helix transcription factor Id3 as a critical regulator of p21(Cip1) expression, AdPC proliferation, MCP-1 expression and M1 macrophage accumulation in VAT. Inhibition of Id3 and AdPC expansion, as well as CD44 expression in human AdPCs, may serve as unique therapeutic targets for the regulation of adipose tissue inflammation.

Project description:ObjectiveInflammation is a key driver of excessive neointimal hyperplasia within vein grafts. Recent work demonstrates that specialized proresolving lipid mediators biosynthesized from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as resolvin D1 (RvD1), actively orchestrate the process of inflammation resolution. We investigated the effects of local perivascular delivery of RvD1 in a rabbit vein graft model.MethodsIpsilateral jugular veins were implanted as carotid interposition grafts through an anastomotic cuff technique in New Zealand white rabbits (3-4 kg; N = 80). RvD1 (1 μg) was delivered to the vein bypass grafts in a perivascular fashion, using either 25% Pluronic F127 gel (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo) or a thin bilayered poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) film. No treatment (bypass only) and vehicle-loaded Pluronic gels or PLGA films served as controls. Delivery of RvD1 to venous tissue was evaluated 3 days later by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Total leukocyte infiltration, macrophage infiltration, and cell proliferation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Elastin and trichrome staining was performed on grafts harvested at 28 days after bypass to evaluate neointimal hyperplasia and vein graft remodeling.ResultsPerivascular treatments did not influence rates of graft thrombosis (23%), major wound complications (4%), or death (3%). Leukocyte (CD45) and macrophage (RAM11) infiltration was significantly reduced in the RvD1 treatment groups vs controls at 3 days (60%-72% reduction; P < .01). Cellular proliferation (Ki67 index) was also significantly lower in RvD1-treated vs control grafts at 3 days (40%-50% reduction; P < .01). Treatment of vein grafts with RvD1-loaded gels reduced neointimal thickness at 28 days by 61% vs bypass only (P < .001) and by 63% vs vehicle gel (P < .001). RvD1-loaded PLGA films reduced neointimal formation at 28 days by 50% vs bypass only (P < .001). RvD1 treatment was also associated with reduced collagen deposition in vein grafts at 28 days.ConclusionsLocal perivascular delivery of RvD1 attenuates vein graft hyperplasia without associated toxicity in a rabbit carotid bypass model. This effect appears to be mediated by both reduced leukocyte recruitment and decreased cell proliferation within the graft. Perivascular PLGA films may also impart protection through biomechanical scaffolding in this venous arterialization model. Our studies provide further support for the potential therapeutic role of specialized proresolving lipid mediators such as D-series resolvins in modulating vascular injury and repair.

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Transplanted perivascular adipose tissue accelerates injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia: role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.

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Transplanted perivascular adipose tissue accelerates injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia: role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.

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