Active and passive smoking and fecundability in Danish pregnancy planners.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Radin RG
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4104516 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Active and passive smoking and fecundability in Danish pregnancy planners.
Radin Rose G RG Hatch Elizabeth E EE Rothman Kenneth J KJ Mikkelsen Ellen M EM Sørensen Henrik Toft HT Riis Anders H AH Wise Lauren A LA
Fertility and sterility 20140418 1
<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate the extent to which fecundability is associated with active smoking, time since smoking cessation, and passive smoking.<h4>Design</h4>Prospective cohort study.<h4>Setting</h4>Denmark, 2007-2011.<h4>Patient(s)</h4>A total of 3,773 female pregnancy planners aged 18-40 years.<h4>Intervention(s)</h4>None.<h4>Main outcome measure(s)</h4>Self-reported pregnancy. Fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a proportional probabilit ...[more]
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Infertility is an important public health problem with few known modifiable risk factors. Dietary factors including folic acid have been associated with improved fertility, but the association between iron and fertility is understudied. One study among US nurses found a 40% lower risk of ovulatory infertility with higher intake of nonheme iron and iron supplements. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which iron intake from diet and supplements reported on structured questionnaires is associated with fecundability. METHODS:We conducted parallel analyses that used data from 2 prospective cohort studies of pregnancy planners from Denmark (Snart Foraeldre; n = 1693) and North America (PRESTO; n = 2969) during 2013-2018. Follow-up comprised menstrual cycles at risk until pregnancy or censoring for fertility treatment, stopped trying to conceive, withdrawal, loss to follow-up, or 12 cycles of attempt. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% CIs, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS:We found little association between dietary heme iron intake and fecundability in either cohort. The FR for nonheme iron intake (?11 mg/d compared with <9 mg/day) was 1.11 for Snart Foraeldre participants (95% CI: 0.92, 1.34) and 1.01 for PRESTO participants (95% CI: 0.89, 1.14). The FR for iron-containing supplements was 1.01 in Snart Foraeldre (95% CI: 0.90, 1.13) and 1.19 in PRESTO (95% CI: 1.03, 1.38). In PRESTO, but not Snart Foraeldre, stronger positive associations were found for nonheme iron intake and iron supplement use among women with heavy menses or short menstrual cycles. CONCLUSIONS:Overall, dietary intake of iron was not consistently associated with fecundability, although there was some evidence for a positive association among women with risk factors for iron deficiency. We also found a small positive association between supplemental iron intake and fecundability among North American, but not Danish, pregnancy planners.
| S-EPMC6735943 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Study questionIs a history of periodontitis among women associated with reduced fecundability?Summary answerA history of periodontitis, as assessed by three different self-reported measures, may be associated with reduced fecundability.What is known alreadyPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the hard and soft tissues surrounding the teeth. Few studies have evaluated the association between periodontitis and time to pregnancy, and findings are mixed. It is hypothesized that periodontitis may adversely affect time to pregnancy.Study design, size, durationWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 2764 female pregnancy planners residing in North America (March 2015-June 2020).Participants/materials, setting, methodsEligible participants had been attempting pregnancy for six or fewer menstrual cycles at enrollment and were not using fertility treatment. Women answered questions about their oral health. Pregnancy was ascertained via bi-monthly follow-up questionnaires. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for three different measures indicative of a history of periodontitis: ever diagnosed with periodontitis (N = 265), ever received treatment for periodontitis (N = 299), and ever had an adult tooth become loose on its own (N = 83). We adjusted for potential confounders and precision variables. Women at risk of misclassification of periodontitis diagnosis due to pregnancy-related gingivitis were reclassified in a sensitivity analysis.Main results and the role of chanceAll three indices of periodontitis may be associated with reduced fecundability. FRs were 0.89 (95% CI 0.75-1.06) comparing women with and without a previous periodontitis diagnosis, 0.79 (95% CI 0.67-0.94) comparing women with and without previous periodontitis treatment, and 0.71 (95% CI 0.44-1.16) comparing women with and without a tooth that became loose. After reclassification of pregnancy-related gingivitis in the sensitivity analysis, the FR for periodontitis diagnosis was 0.83 (95% CI 0.68-1.00). Weaker FRs were observed among parous women as compared with nulliparous women for periodontitis diagnosis and tooth becoming loose, but not for periodontitis treatment.Limitations, reasons for cautionThough we used validated self-report measures of periodontitis, clinical confirmation is the gold standard. These questions may be functioning as markers of different levels of periodontitis severity, but we were unable to measure disease severity in this population. Finally, we cannot eliminate the possibility of unmeasured confounding.Wider implications of the findingsThis is the first preconception prospective cohort study to evaluate the association between self-reported periodontitis and fecundability. Our results indicate that periodontitis may be associated with lower fecundability.Study funding/competing interest(s)This work was partially funded by R01HD086742/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and R21HD072326/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. PRESTO has received in-kind donations from Swiss Precision Diagnostics, Sandstone Diagnostics, FertilityFriend.com, and Kindara.com for primary data collection. L.A.W. is a fibroid consultant for AbbVie, Inc. J.C.B., S.W., J.Y., K.J.R., E.E.H., and B.H. have no conflicts of interest to disclose.Trial registration numberN/A.
| S-EPMC8289328 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Several studies indicate that female obesity increases the risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB). Central adiposity, height, and location of typical weight gain have not been examined as risk factors for SAB.We examined the associations between selected anthropometric factors and risk of SAB among 5132 women enrolled in a Danish Internet-based prospective cohort study of pregnancy planners. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models, with gestational weeks as the time scale, to compute hazard ratios (HRs) of SAB and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).After adjustment for potential confounders, the HRs for SAB among underweight (body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2) ) <20), overweight (BMI: 25-29) and obese (BMI ?30) women were 1.00 [95% CI: 0.81, 1.24], 0.90 [95% CI: 0.73, 1.09] and 1.23 [95% CI: 0.98, 1.54], respectively, compared with normal weight women (BMI 20-24). The association between obesity and SAB was stronger for early SAB (<8 weeks gestation); HR: 1.34 95% CI: 1.01, 1.77. The HR for height ?174?cm vs. <166?cm was 0.81 [95% CI: 0.66, 1.00]. Increased waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was inversely associated with risk of SAB (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.05). Waist circumference and location of typical weight gain were not appreciably associated with SAB risk.This study confirms previous studies that have shown a small positive association between obesity and SAB risk. Our results suggest that obesity is a stronger risk factor for early pregnancy losses, and that small stature and low WHR are associated with an increased risk of SAB.
| S-EPMC4356022 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSmoking is one of the modifiable risk factors for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and is associated with low birth weight, preterm birth, respiratory, antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth, and perinatal death as well as long-term morbidity in offspring and sudden unexpected infant death. The rate of smoking in low- and middle-income countries is still relevantly high, and Jordan is no exception.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of active and passive smoking during pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThe case-control study was conducted in Jordan in June 2020. Healthy women with full-term singleton pregnancy (n = 180) were interviewed and stratified into three groups: Group I, active smokers; Group II, passive smokers; and Group III, nonsmokers. The study variables included demographic data, current pregnancy history, cotinine level of mothers and newborns, and perinatal outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using the application package IBM SPSS 25. Various algorithms of statistical analysis were used depending on the type of distribution of feature and data quality. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsActive smokers had significantly lower gestational age at delivery compared to passive and nonsmoking women (p = 0.038 and p = 0.003, respectively). Neonates from active smoking mothers had significantly lower birth weight compared to neonates from passive and nonsmoking women (p = 0.016 and p = 0.019, respectively), significantly lower head and chest circumferences compared to babies from passive smokers (p < 0.001 and p = 0.036, respectively), and significantly lower first-minute Apgar score compared to those from nonsmoking women (p = 0.023). The urine cotinine level was significantly higher in both active and passive smoking women (both p < 0.01), and it was significantly higher in newborns who had been exposed to smoking in utero despite maternal active or passive smoking status (both p < 0.001). There was a weak negative correlation between urine cotinine level and birth weight: r = -0.14 for maternal cotinine level and r = -0.15 for neonate cotinine level.ConclusionsThe current study illustrated that smoking during pregnancy leads to offspring with reduced birth weight, birth length, and head and chest circumference; reduces delivery gestational age; and lowers the first-minute Apgar score. Our study findings highlight the need for further research issued to smoking effects on perinatal outcomes, the implementation of actions to develop cessation interventions in the preconception period, and an evaluation of useful interventions to enhance a smoking-free environment during pregnancy.
| S-EPMC8641528 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We evaluated the association between smoking and risk of breast cancer in non-Hispanic white (NHW) and Hispanic or American Indian (HAI) women living in the Southwestern United States. Data on lifetime exposure to active and passive smoke data were available from 1527 NHW cases and 1601 NHW controls; 798 HAI cases and 924 HAI controls. Interleukin 6 (IL6) and Estrogen Receptor alpha (ESR1) polymorphisms were assessed in conjunction with smoking. Pack-years of smoking (>or=15) were associated with increased risk of pre-menopausal breast cancer among NHW women (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2. 4). Passive smoke increased risk of pre-menopausal breast cancer for HAI women (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.1 everyone; OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2-4.5 nonsmokers). HAI pre-menopausal women who were exposed to 10+ h of passive smoke per week and had the rs2069832 IL6 GG genotype had over a fourfold increased risk of breast cancer (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.5-12.8; P for interaction 0.01). Those with the ESR1 Xba1 AA genotype had a threefold increased risk of breast cancer if they smoked>or=15 pack-years relative to non-smokers (P interaction 0.01). These data suggest that breast cancer risk is associated with active and passive smoking.
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Project description:A reliable assessment of smoking status has significant public health implications and is essential for research purposes. The aim of this study was to determine optimal saliva cotinine cut-off values for smoking during pregnancy. The analyses were based on data from 1771 women from the Polish Mother and Child Cohort. Saliva cotinine concentrations were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI + MS/MS). The saliva cotinine cut-off value for active smoking was established at 10 ng/mL (sensitivity 96%, specificity 95%) and for passive smoking at 1.5 ng/mL (sensitivity 63%, specificity 71%). About 5% of the self-reported non-smoking women were classified as smokers based on the cotinine cut-off value. Significantly more younger, single, and less educated self-reported non-smokers had a cotinine concentration higher than 10 ng/mL compared to those who were older, married, and who had a university degree. Close to 30% of the non-smokers who indicated that smoking was not allowed in their home could be classified as exposed to passive smoking based on the cut-off value. The study suggests that self-reported smoking status is a valid measure of active smoking, whereas in the case of passive smoking, a combination of questionnaire data and biomarker verification may be required.
| S-EPMC5201357 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Study questionTo what extent is cigarette smoking associated with reduced fecundability?Summary answerCurrent female smokers, particularly those who had smoked ≥10 cigarettes/day for ≥10 years, had lower fecundability than never smokers, but current male smoking and passive smoking in either partner showed little association with reduced fecundability.What is known alreadyFemale smoking has been identified as a cause of infertility, yet there has been limited characterization of the dose and duration at which an effect is observed. Results for male active smoking and passive smoking in both partners are less consistent.Study design, size, durationWe analyzed data from a North American internet-based preconception cohort study of 5473 female and 1411 male pregnancy planners, enrolled from 2013 to 2018. Participants had been attempting conception for ≤6 menstrual cycles at study entry.Participants/materials, setting, methodsWe collected information on active and passive smoking history on baseline questionnaires. Pregnancy was reported on female bi-monthly follow-up questionnaires. We calculated fecundability ratios (FR) and 95% CI using proportional probabilities regression models, adjusted for demographic, behavioral, medical, reproductive and dietary variables.Main results and the role of chanceFemale current regular smoking (FR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.77, 1.07), current occasional smoking (FR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.06), and former smoking (FR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.98) were associated with small reductions in fecundability. Results were stronger among women who smoked ≥10 cigarettes/day for ≥10 years (FR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.10). Male current regular and former smoking, and current passive smoking in either partner were not meaningfully associated with reduced fecundability. In utero exposure to ≥10 cigarettes/day among females was associated with reduced fecundability (FR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.52, 1.06).Limitations, reasons for cautionNumbers of cigarette smokers, particularly within categories of intensity and duration, were small. Under-reporting of smoking may have resulted in non-differential misclassification, and smokers were more likely to be lost to follow-up.Wider implications of the findingsGiven the consistency of our findings with results from previous studies and our observation of a dose-response relation in intensity of smoking, this study supports an association between female cigarette smoking and lower fecundability.Study funding/competing interest(s)This study was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD086742, R21-HD072326, R03-HD090315 and T32-HD052458). The authors declare no competing interests.
| S-EPMC6389864 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe relationship between passive smoking and atopic dermatitis has previously been reported, but few studies have simultaneously evaluated the association of atopic dermatitis with active and passive smoking.MethodsThe relationships between atopic dermatitis and active and passive smoking were evaluated in Korean adolescents. We used a large, representative, population-based survey (The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey) conducted in 2011 and 2012. Active smoking was classified into 3 groups (0 days, 1-19 days, and ≥ 20 days/month). Passive smoking was categorized into 3 groups (0 days, 1-4 days, and ≥ 5 days/week). Atopic dermatitis diagnosed by a medical doctor either during the past 1 month or during the participant's lifetime was surveyed. Age, sex, obesity status, region of residence, economic level, and parental educational level of the participants were adjusted as confounders. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis with complex sampling.ResultsA total of 6.8% (10,020/135,682) of the participants reported atopic dermatitis during the last 12 months. Active smoking was significantly associated with atopic dermatitis (previous 12 months) (AOR [95% CI] of smoking ≥ 20 days/month = 1.18 [1.07-1.29]; 1-19 days/month = 1.11 [0.99-1.23], P = 0.002). Passive smoking was also related to atopic dermatitis (previous 12 months) (AOR [95% CI] of smoking ≥ 5 days/week = 1.12 [1.05-1.20]; 1-4 days/week = 1.08 [1.03-1.13], P < 0.001).ConclusionAtopic dermatitis was significantly associated with active and passive smoking in Korean adolescents.
| S-EPMC5665603 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAnimal and epidemiologic studies indicate that air pollution may adversely affect fertility. Epidemiologic studies have been restricted largely to couples undergoing fertility treatment or have retrospectively ascertained time-to-pregnancy among pregnant women.ObjectivesWe examined the association between residential ambient air pollution and fecundability, the per-cycle probability of conception, in a large preconception cohort of Danish pregnancy planners.MethodsDuring 2007-2018, we used the Internet to recruit and follow women who were trying to conceive without the use of fertility treatment. Participants completed an online baseline questionnaire eliciting socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and medical and reproductive histories and follow-up questionnaires every 8 weeks to ascertain pregnancy status. We determined concentrations of ambient nitrogen oxides (NOx ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3 ), particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5 ) and <10 µm (PM10 ), and sulphur dioxide (SO2 ) at each participant's residential address. We calculated average exposure during the year before baseline, during each menstrual cycle over follow-up and during the entire pregnancy attempt time. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders and co-pollutants. The analysis was restricted to the 10,183 participants who were trying to conceive for <12 cycles at study entry whose addresses could be geocoded.ResultsDuring 12 months of follow-up, 73% of participants conceived. Higher concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with small reductions in fecundability. For example, the FRs for a one interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 (IQR = 3.2 µg/m3 ) and PM10 (IQR = 5.3 µg/m3 ) during each menstrual cycle were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.99) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.99), respectively. Other air pollutants were not appreciably associated with fecundability.ConclusionsIn this preconception cohort study of Danish women, residential exposures to PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with reduced fecundability.
| S-EPMC8712376 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The present study investigated the associations of active, passive, and electronic cigarette (E-cigarette) smoking with asthma in Korean adolescents. We used the cross-sectional study of Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Active smoking was classified into 4 groups (0 days, 1-5 days, 6-19 days, and ?20 days a month). Passive smoking was also categorized into 4 groups (0 days, 1-2 days, 3-4 days, and ?5 days a week). E-cigarette was defined as yes or no in the last 30 days. Age, sex, obesity, region of residence, economic level, and parental educational level were adjusted for as confounders. Smoking variables were adjusted for one another. Adjusted odd ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis with complex sampling. In total, 2.3% (4,890/216,056) of participants reported asthma in the past 12 months. Active smoking was significantly associated with asthma (AOR [95% CI] of smoking ?20 days/month?=?1.57 [1.38-1.77], P?<?0.001). Passive smoking was also related with asthma (AOR [95% CI] of smoking ?5 days/week?=?1.40 [1.28-1.53], P?<?0.001). E-cigarette showed positive relation with asthma, although the effects of past smoking history could not be excluded (AOR [95% CI]?=?1.12 [1.01-1.26], P?=?0.027).
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