Dataset Information

Income inequality and schizophrenia: increased schizophrenia incidence in countries with high levels of income inequality.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Income inequality is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. There is evidence that ecological-level socio-environmental factors may increase risk for schizophrenia.

Aims

The aim was to investigate whether measures of income inequality are associated with incidence of schizophrenia at the country level.

Method

We conducted a systematic review of incidence rates for schizophrenia, reported between 1975 and 2011. For each country, national measures of income inequality (Gini coefficient) along with covariate risk factors for schizophrenia were obtained. Multi-level mixed-effects Poisson regression was performed to investigate the relationship between Gini coefficients and incidence rates of schizophrenia controlling for covariates.

Results

One hundred and seven incidence rates (from 26 countries) were included. Mean incidence of schizophrenia was 18.50 per 100,000 (SD = 11.9; range = 1.7-67). There was a significant positive relationship between incidence rate of schizophrenia and Gini coefficient (β = 1.02; Z = 2.28; p = .02; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.03).

Conclusions

Countries characterized by a large rich-poor gap may be at increased risk of schizophrenia. We suggest that income inequality impacts negatively on social cohesion, eroding social capital, and that chronic stress associated with living in highly disparate societies places individuals at risk of schizophrenia.

SUBMITTER: Burns JK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4105302 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Income inequality and schizophrenia: increased schizophrenia incidence in countries with high levels of income inequality.

Burns Jonathan K JK Tomita Andrew A Kapadia Amy S AS

The International journal of social psychiatry 20130416 2

<h4>Background</h4>Income inequality is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. There is evidence that ecological-level socio-environmental factors may increase risk for schizophrenia.<h4>Aims</h4>The aim was to investigate whether measures of income inequality are associated with incidence of schizophrenia at the country level.<h4>Method</h4>We conducted a systematic review of incidence rates for schizophrenia, reported between 1975 and 2011. For each country, national measures of in ...[more]

PMID: 23594564

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Project description:ObjectivesThere is a need for novel approaches to address the complexity of social inequality in health. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been proposed as a promising approach; however, knowledge on lessons learnt from such partnerships remain unclear. This study synthesises evidence on opportunities and challenges of PPPs focusing on social inequality in health in upper-middle-income and high-income countries.DesignA systematic literature review and meta-synthesis was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for quality appraisal.Data sourcesPubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, Sociological Abstracts and SocIndex were searched for studies published between January 2013 and January 2023.Eligibility criteriaStudies were eligible if they applied a quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods design and reported on lessons learnt from PPPs focusing on social inequality in health in upper-middle-income and high-income countries. Studies had to be published in either English, Danish, German, Norwegian or Swedish.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data and appraised the quality of the included studies. A meta-synthesis with a descriptive intent was conducted and data were grouped into opportunities and challenges.ResultsA total of 16 studies of varying methodological quality were included. Opportunities covered three themes: (1) creating synergies, (2) clear communication and coordination, and (3) trust to sustain partnerships. Challenges were identified as reflected in the following three themes: (1) scarce resources, (2) inadequate communication and coordination, and (3) concerns on distrust and conflicting interest.ConclusionsPartnerships across public, private and academic institutions hold the potential to address social inequality in health. Nevertheless, a variety of important lessons learnt are identified in the scientific literature. For future PPPs to be successful, partners should be aware of the availability of resources, provide clear communication and coordination, and address concerns on distrust and conflicting interests among partners.Prospero registration numberCRD42023384608.

Dataset Information

Income inequality and schizophrenia: increased schizophrenia incidence in countries with high levels of income inequality.

Background

Aims

Method

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Income inequality and schizophrenia: increased schizophrenia incidence in countries with high levels of income inequality.

Similar Datasets

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