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An exploratory pilot study of the relationship between neural correlates of cognitive control and reduction in cigarette use among treatment-seeking adolescent smokers.

ABSTRACT: Despite high rates of tobacco use during adolescence, few empirically validated smoking cessation strategies exist for adolescent smokers. Developing an understanding of the neural underpinnings of cognitive control processes in adolescent smokers, and their relationship to quit behaviors, may help advance the development of enhanced behavioral and pharmacological therapies. The current pilot study explored the relationship between brain responses during performance of the Stroop color-word interference task and reduction in tobacco use (as measured by changes in cotinine levels) in treatment-seeking adolescent smokers participating in a high school-based smoking-cessation program. Eleven adolescent daily smokers participated in a prequit session during which neural activity in response to congruent and incongruent events in a Stroop task was examined using functional MRI (fMRI). Changes in urine cotinine levels from prequit baseline to end of treatment were calculated and correlated with brain activity. Adolescents with greater activation in the inferior frontal gyrus, insula, thalamus, and anterior cingulate had greater reductions in cotinine levels. The preliminary observation of a relationship between treatment outcome and neural correlates of cognitive control prior to treatment onset provides insight into individual differences in adolescent brain function that might relate importantly to treatment outcome.

SUBMITTER: Krishnan-Sarin S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4106014 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An exploratory pilot study of the relationship between neural correlates of cognitive control and reduction in cigarette use among treatment-seeking adolescent smokers.

Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra S Balodis Iris M IM Kober Hedy H Worhunsky Patrick D PD Liss Thomas T Xu Jiansong J Potenza Marc N MN

Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors 20130415 2

Despite high rates of tobacco use during adolescence, few empirically validated smoking cessation strategies exist for adolescent smokers. Developing an understanding of the neural underpinnings of cognitive control processes in adolescent smokers, and their relationship to quit behaviors, may help advance the development of enhanced behavioral and pharmacological therapies. The current pilot study explored the relationship between brain responses during performance of the Stroop color-word inte ...[more]

PMID: 23586458

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Project description:Stress is known to influence smoking relapse. Experimental studies indicate that acute stress increases nicotine-seeking behavior, yet neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we investigated disrupted excitatory neural activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as a mechanism of stress-induced nicotine-seeking behavior. Non-treatment-seeking cigarette smokers were screened for psychiatric, medical, and neuroimaging contraindications. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design, participants (N = 21) completed two oral-dosing sessions: stress (yohimbine 54 mg + hydrocortisone 10 mg) vs placebo (lactose 54 mg + lactose 10 mg). During each experimental session, working memory proficiency, dlPFC excitatory neural activity, nicotine-seeking behavior, and subjective effects were measured. dlPFC excitatory neural activity was quantified via glutamate modulation during working memory performance using functional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nicotine-seeking behavior was assayed using a cigarette puffs vs money choice progressive ratio task. Results indicated that yohimbine + hydrocortisone evoked a sustained physiological stress response (elevated heart rate, blood pressure, saliva cortisol, and saliva α-amylase levels; ps < .05). Relative to placebo levels, acute stress increased nicotine-seeking behavior (ps < .05), disrupted dlPFC glutamate modulation (p = .025), and impaired dlPFC function (working memory proficiency; ps < .05). The stress-induced increase in nicotine-seeking behavior was linearly related to the stress-induced disruption of dlPFC glutamate modulation (R2 = 0.24-0.37; ps < .05). These findings suggest that disrupted dlPFC excitatory neural activity is a neurobiological correlate of acute stress-induced nicotine-seeking behavior. These findings further emphasize the central role of the dlPFC in regulating drug-seeking behavior. Future studies are needed to evaluate interventions to improve dlPFC resilience to acute stress effects, including neurostimulation, working memory training, and "anti-stress" medications.

Project description:BackgroundStudies relating cigarette smoking and body weight yield conflicting results. Weight-lowering effects in women and men have been associated with smoking, however, no effects on weight have been proven. This study examined the association between cigarette smoking and relative weight in adolescent males and females as they age into young adults.MethodsData from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-a nationally representative survey conducted annually-was used for this analysis. The sample consists of 4225 males and females observed annually from 1997 at age 12 to 17 through 2011 at age 27 to 31. Hierarchical generalized models (HGM) assess the impact of smoking on the likelihood of having higher BMI controlling for demographic, household and environmental impacts. The second estimation considers the possibility that smoking is endogenous and utilizes a multinomial instrument (IV) for smoking level.ResultsHGM models reveal a negative association between cigarette smoking and BMI for both males and females. Individuals who smoke more have lower BMI compared to infrequent or non-smokers. General health rating, region of residence and income were used instrument for smoking in a linear two-stage IV specification. The instrument is highly correlated with BMI and results mirror the HGM. Finally, models run on early, middle and advanced adolescents show that the relationship diminishes over time. The relationship between BMI and smoking decreases as females age but increases for males.ConclusionsEmpirical models confirm an association cigarette consumption and BMI in both males and females. This negative relationship varies with age. It is important to identify health risks-obesity-and modifiable risk factors-smoking-that contribute to health disparities among adolescents. However, the increase in one risky behavior leading to the decrease in the prevalence of the other, complicates the issue. The higher prevalence of frequent cigarette uses among both adolescents and young adults of lower BMI suggest that smoking could be used curb or suppress appetite.

Dataset Information

An exploratory pilot study of the relationship between neural correlates of cognitive control and reduction in cigarette use among treatment-seeking adolescent smokers.

Publications

An exploratory pilot study of the relationship between neural correlates of cognitive control and reduction in cigarette use among treatment-seeking adolescent smokers.

Similar Datasets

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