Performance assessment of different STPs based on UASB followed by aerobic post treatment systems.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Khan AA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4108128 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Performance assessment of different STPs based on UASB followed by aerobic post treatment systems.
Khan Abid Ali AA Gaur Rubia Zahid RZ Mehrotra Indu I Diamantis Vasileios V Lew Beni B Kazmi Absar Ahmad AA
Journal of environmental health science & engineering 20140127 1
This paper present the experiences gained from the study of ten up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) based sewage treatment plants (STPs) of different cities of India. Presently 37 UASB based STPs were under operation and about 06 UASB based STPs are under construction and commissioning phase at different towns. The nature of sewage significantly varied at each STP. Two STP were receiving sewage with high sulfate and heavy metals due to the mixing of industrial waste. The treatment performanc ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:BACKGROUND:Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease, and the Global Program to Eliminate LF delivers mass drug administration (MDA) to 500 million people every year. Adverse events (AEs) are common after LF treatment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:To better understand the pathogenesis of AEs, we studied LF-patients from a treatment trial. Plasma levels of many filarial antigens increased post-treatment in individuals with AEs, and this is consistent with parasite death. Circulating immune complexes were not elevated in these participants, and the classical complement cascade was not activated. Multiple cytokines increased after treatment in persons with AEs. A transcriptomic analysis was performed for nine individuals with moderate systemic AEs and nine matched controls. Differential gene expression analysis identified a significant transcriptional signature associated with post-treatment AEs; 744 genes were upregulated. The transcriptional signature was enriched for TLR and NF-κB signaling. Increased expression of seven out of the top eight genes upregulated in persons with AEs were validated by qRT-PCR, including TLR2. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:This is the first global study of changes in gene expression associated with AEs after treatment of lymphatic filariasis. Changes in cytokines were consistent with prior studies and with the RNAseq data. These results suggest that Wolbachia lipoprotein is involved in AE development, because it activates TLR2-TLR6 and downstream NF-κB. Additionally, LPS Binding Protein (LBP, which shuttles lipoproteins to TLR2) increased post-treatment in individuals with AEs. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of AEs may lead to improved management, increased MDA compliance, and accelerated LF elimination.
| S-EPMC6762072 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Combinations of homogeneous Cu salts and TEMPO have emerged as practical and efficient catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols. Several closely related catalyst systems have been reported, which differ in the identity of the solvent, the presence of 2,2'-bipyridine as a ligand, the identity of basic additives, and the oxidation state of the Cu source. These changes have a significant influence on the reaction rates, yields, and substrate scope. In this report, we probe the mechanistic basis for differences among four different Cu/TEMPO catalyst systems and elucidate the features that contribute to efficient oxidation of aliphatic alcohols.
| S-EPMC3925889 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo assess trainees' performance in managing a patient with post-cardiac arrest complicated by status epilepticus.MethodsIn this prospective, observational, single-center simulation-based study, trainees ranging from sub interns to critical care fellows evaluated and managed a post cardiac arrest patient, complicated by status epilepticus. Critical action items were developed by a modified Delphi approach based on American Heart Association guidelines and the Neurocritical Care Society's Emergency Neurological Life Support protocols. The primary outcome measure was the critical action item sum score. We sought validity evidence to support our findings by including attending neurocritical care physicians and comparing performance across four levels of training.ResultsForty-nine participants completed the simulation. The mean sum of critical actions completed by trainees was 10/21 (49%). Eleven (22%) trainees verbalized a differential diagnosis for the arrest. Thirty-two (65%) reviewed the electrocardiogram, recognized it as abnormal, and consulted cardiology. Forty trainees (81%) independently decided to start temperature management, but only 20 (41%) insisted on it when asked to reconsider. There was an effect of level of training on critical action checklist sum scores (novice mean score [standard deviation (SD)] = 4.8(1.8) vs. intermediate mean score (SD) = 10.4(2.1) vs. advanced mean score (D) = 11.6(3.0) vs. expert mean score (SD) = 14.7(2.2)).ConclusionsHigh-fidelity manikin-based simulation holds promise as an assessment tool in the performance of post-cardiac arrest care.
| S-EPMC9065740 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To reduce radiation dose in CT imaging, the statistical model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) method has been introduced for clinical use. Based on the principle of MBIR and its nonlinear nature, the noise performance of MBIR is expected to be different from that of the well-understood filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction method. The purpose of this work is to experimentally assess the unique noise characteristics of MBIR using a state-of-the-art clinical CT system.Three physical phantoms, including a water cylinder and two pediatric head phantoms, were scanned in axial scanning mode using a 64-slice CT scanner (Discovery CT750 HD, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) at seven different mAs levels (5, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300). At each mAs level, each phantom was repeatedly scanned 50 times to generate an image ensemble for noise analysis. Both the FBP method with a standard kernel and the MBIR method (Veo(®), GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) were used for CT image reconstruction. Three-dimensional (3D) noise power spectrum (NPS), two-dimensional (2D) NPS, and zero-dimensional NPS (noise variance) were assessed both globally and locally. Noise magnitude, noise spatial correlation, noise spatial uniformity and their dose dependence were examined for the two reconstruction methods.(1) At each dose level and at each frequency, the magnitude of the NPS of MBIR was smaller than that of FBP. (2) While the shape of the NPS of FBP was dose-independent, the shape of the NPS of MBIR was strongly dose-dependent; lower dose lead to a "redder" NPS with a lower mean frequency value. (3) The noise standard deviation (σ) of MBIR and dose were found to be related through a power law of σ ∝ (dose)(-β) with the component β ≈ 0.25, which violated the classical σ ∝ (dose)(-0.5) power law in FBP. (4) With MBIR, noise reduction was most prominent for thin image slices. (5) MBIR lead to better noise spatial uniformity when compared with FBP. (6) A composite image generated from two MBIR images acquired at two different dose levels (D1 and D2) demonstrated lower noise than that of an image acquired at a dose level of D1+D2.The noise characteristics of the MBIR method are significantly different from those of the FBP method. The well known tradeoff relationship between CT image noise and radiation dose has been modified by MBIR to establish a more gradual dependence of noise on dose. Additionally, some other CT noise properties that had been well understood based on the linear system theory have also been altered by MBIR. Clinical CT scan protocols that had been optimized based on the classical CT noise properties need to be carefully re-evaluated for systems equipped with MBIR in order to maximize the method's potential clinical benefits in dose reduction and/or in CT image quality improvement.
| S-EPMC3978426 | biostudies-other
Project description:PURPOSE:The use of oxygen cost ([Formula: see text]aero) parameters to predict endurance performance has recently been criticized. Instead, it is suggested that aerobic energy cost ([Formula: see text]) provides greater validity; however, a comparison of these quantification methods has not previously been made. METHODS:Fifty-six male (n?=?34) and female (n?=?22) competitive adolescent (17?±?1 years) middle-distance runners participated in a sub-maximal and maximal incremental treadmill test. Running economy (RE) was measured at the speed corresponding to lactate turnpoint, and the three speeds prior. Maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2max), speed at [Formula: see text]O2max and fraction of [Formula: see text]O2max utilized across a range of intensities, and speeds from 0.8, 1.5 and 3 km races were also quantified. RE and fractional utilization were calculated in units of [Formula: see text]aero and [Formula: see text]aero. RESULTS:Multiple linear regression models demonstrated no discernible difference in the predictive capability of RE, fractional utilization and [Formula: see text]O2max when expressed as [Formula: see text]aero or [Formula: see text]aero in both sexes. When plotted as a function of running speed, [Formula: see text]aero displayed a stepwise decrease (F?=?11.59, p?<?0.001) whereas [Formula: see text]aero exhibited a curvilinear response (F?=?4.74, p?=?0.015). Differences were also evident in the slopes plotted for %[Formula: see text]O2max and %[Formula: see text]aeromax against running speed (F?=?5.38, p?=?0.021). CONCLUSIONS:Quantifying aerobic determinants of performance in units of [Formula: see text]aero provides no greater validity compared to [Formula: see text]aero-based measurement. Although both [Formula: see text]aero and [Formula: see text]aero are sensitive to changes in speed, [Formula: see text]aero provides the more valid reflection of the underlying metabolic cost of running. Physiologists should also be aware of the potential differences between expression of aerobic running intensity based upon %[Formula: see text]O2max compared to %[Formula: see text]aeromax.
| S-EPMC6647242 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOntology matching should contribute to the interoperability aspect of FAIR data (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). Multiple data sources can use different ontologies for annotating their data and, thus, creating the need for dynamic ontology matching services. In this experimental study, we assessed the performance of ontology matching systems in the context of a real-life application from the rare disease domain. Additionally, we present a method for analyzing top-level classes to improve precision.ResultsWe included three ontologies (NCIt, SNOMED CT, ORDO) and three matching systems (AgreementMakerLight 2.0, FCA-Map, LogMap 2.0). We evaluated the performance of the matching systems against reference alignments from BioPortal and the Unified Medical Language System Metathesaurus (UMLS). Then, we analyzed the top-level ancestors of matched classes, to detect incorrect mappings without consulting a reference alignment. To detect such incorrect mappings, we manually matched semantically equivalent top-level classes of ontology pairs. AgreementMakerLight 2.0, FCA-Map, and LogMap 2.0 had F1-scores of 0.55, 0.46, 0.55 for BioPortal and 0.66, 0.53, 0.58 for the UMLS respectively. Using vote-based consensus alignments increased performance across the board. Evaluation with manually created top-level hierarchy mappings revealed that on average 90% of the mappings' classes belonged to top-level classes that matched.ConclusionsOur findings show that the included ontology matching systems automatically produced mappings that were modestly accurate according to our evaluation. The hierarchical analysis of mappings seems promising when no reference alignments are available. All in all, the systems show potential to be implemented as part of an ontology matching service for querying FAIR data. Future research should focus on developing methods for the evaluation of mappings used in such mapping services, leading to their implementation in a FAIR data ecosystem.
| S-EPMC9284868 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Recalcitrant
| PRJEB5267 | ENA
Project description:BackgroundMeasuring the performance of a health system is an essential requirement in creating systems that generate efficient, equitable, patient-focused, accessible and sustainable results. A fundamental requirement for a performance measurement system is the development of an assessment framework within which specific performance measures could be defined and applied regularly. This paper examines the comprehensiveness of Ghana's health system assessment framework called the Holistic Assessment Tool in relation to some of the internationally recognized frameworks. The paper also analyzes trends in the performance of the health system to understand whether or not an improvement has been recorded following the adoption and implementation of the Holistic Assessment Tool.MethodsMainly secondary data were used in this analysis. Searches were conducted on Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct between May and July, 2019 for published documents on health system performance assessment. We also obtained unpublished documents from Ghana's Ministry of Health, Ghana Health Service website, and Ghana Statistical Service database. Descriptive statistics were used to examine trends in the performance of the Ghanaian health system.ResultsWhile the tool provides a national framework for evaluating the performance of the Ghana Health system in several domains, the Holistic Assessment Tool does not cover key health system domains such as information systems for health, access to essential medicines, and patient-centeredness. Also, the scope of the assessment program seems limited to the evaluation of the Ministry of Health's annual plans, programs and projects. However, the health system has recorded improvements in population health indicators, such as life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, under-5 mortality, HIV prevalence and disease burden (in terms of disability adjusted life years).ConclusionsThe Holistic Assessment Tool is a useful framework, but needs further refinement, both in scope and in conceptual robustness. Future studies should consider exploring factors influencing performance of the Ghanaian health system. Such information will help in strategizing for better and more improvements.
| S-EPMC7061475 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite wide utilisation of severity scoring systems for case-mix determination and benchmarking in the intensive care unit, the possibility of scoring bias across ethnicities has not been examined. Recent guidelines on the use of illness severity scores to inform triage decisions for allocation of scarce resources such as mechanical ventilation during the current COVID-19 pandemic warrant examination for possible bias in these models. We investigated the performance of three severity scoring systems (APACHE IVa, OASIS, SOFA) across ethnic groups in two large ICU databases in order to identify possible ethnicity-based bias. Data from the eICU Collaborative Research Database and the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care were analysed for score performance in Asians, African Americans, Hispanics and Whites after appropriate exclusions. Discrimination and calibration were determined for all three scoring systems in all four groups. While measurements of discrimination -area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) -were significantly different among the groups, they did not display any discernible systematic patterns of bias. In contrast, measurements of calibration -standardised mortality ratio (SMR) -indicated persistent, and in some cases significant, patterns of difference between Hispanics and African Americans versus Asians and Whites. The differences between African Americans and Whites were consistently statistically significant. While calibrations were imperfect for all groups, the scores consistently demonstrated a pattern of over-predicting mortality for African Americans and Hispanics. The systematic differences in calibration across ethnic groups suggest that illness severity scores reflect bias in their predictions of mortality. LAC is funded by the National Institute of Health through NIBIB R01 EB017205. There was no specific funding for this study.
| S-EPMC7836131 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Antioxidants are essential to the polymer industry. The addition of antioxidants delays oxidation and material degradation during their processing and usage. Sustainable phenolic acids such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were selected. They were chemically modified by esterification to obtain various durable molecules, which were tested and then compared to resveratrol, a biobased antioxidant, and Irganox 1076, a well-known and very efficient fossil-based antioxidant. Different sensitive matrices were used, such as a thermoplastic polyolefin (a blend of PP and PE) and a purposely synthesized thermoplastic polyurethane. Several formulations were then produced, with the different antioxidants in varying amounts. The potential of these different systems was analyzed using various techniques and processes. In addition to antioxidant efficiency, other parameters were also evaluated, such as the evolution of the sample color. Finally, an accelerated aging protocol was set up to evaluate variations in polymer properties and estimate the evolution of the potential of different antioxidants tested over time and with aging. In conclusion, these environmentally friendly antioxidants make it possible to obtain high-performance materials with an efficiency comparable to that of the conventional ones, with variations according to the type of matrix considered.
| S-EPMC10857301 | biostudies-literature