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Effects of newly developed chemotherapy regimens, comorbidities, chemotherapy-related toxicities on the changing patterns of the leading causes of death in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Abundant evidences have shown that newly developed chemotherapy regimens improved 5-year survival rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients over the past two decades. However, their impact on risk of death from leading causes among elderly patients is still poorly understood. PATIENTS AND METHODS:A retrospective cohort study of 69 718 elderly CRC patients with their first primary tumors in 1992-2009, identified from the 12 areas of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database with their Medicare claims up to 2010. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess the effect of newly developed chemotherapy regimens, comorbidities, and chemotherapy related toxicities on cause-specific death and their temporal patterns among elderly CRC patients. RESULTS:The leading causes of death among CRC patients were CRC, circulation disorders, and secondary cancers, which accounted for 51.4%, 25%, and 4.6% of all-cause death, respectively. Patients diagnosed in more recent diagnostic time periods were significantly less likely to die of CRC [period 2: 5-year hazard ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90-0.97; period 3: 0.86, 0.83-0.90], circulation disorders (period 2: 0.94, 0.88-1.00; period 3: 0.80, 0.75-0.87), and more likely to die of secondary cancer (period 3: 1.42, 1.20-1.68) compared with those diagnosed in period 1. Charlson comorbidities index and the selected pre-existing comorbidities were significantly associated with increased 5-year risk of death from all three leading causes. Both hematological and gastric toxicity were associated with reduced risk of death from CRC and circulation disorders. The association between diagnostic time period and risk reduction in death from CRC depended on chemotherapy treatment (P < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses showed that the chemotherapy-dependent significant risk reduction was seen in patients with stage II-III CRC, patients without comorbidities, and patients without toxicities (P < 0.0001 for all). CONCLUSION:The newly developed chemotherapy regimens were associated with the decreased risk of mortality from CRC.

SUBMITTER: Tong L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4110447 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of newly developed chemotherapy regimens, comorbidities, chemotherapy-related toxicities on the changing patterns of the leading causes of death in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.

Tong L L Ahn C C Symanski E E Lai D D Du X L XL

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 20140327 6

<h4>Background</h4>Abundant evidences have shown that newly developed chemotherapy regimens improved 5-year survival rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients over the past two decades. However, their impact on risk of death from leading causes among elderly patients is still poorly understood.<h4>Patients and methods</h4>A retrospective cohort study of 69 718 elderly CRC patients with their first primary tumors in 1992-2009, identified from the 12 areas of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Res ...[more]

PMID: 24681607

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Project description:BackgroundOvarian cancer (OC) is the 5th leading cause of cancer-related deaths around the world, and several chemotherapy regimens have been applied in the treatment of OC. We aim to compare toxicities of different chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) using network meta-analysis.MethodsLiterature research in Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE was performed up to November 2015. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of different chemotherapy regimens were included. Network meta-analysis combined direct and indirect evidence to assess pooled odds ratios (ORs) and draw the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curves.ResultsThirteen eligible RCTs were included in this network meta-analysis, including 8 chemotherapy regimens (paclitaxel + carboplatin [PC], pegylated liposomal doxorubicin [PLD] + carboplatin, carboplatin, gemcitabine + carboplatin, paclitaxel, PC + epirubicin, PC + topotecan, docetaxel + carboplatin). Gemcitabine + carboplatin regimen exerted higher incidence of anemia when compared with carboplatin and paclitaxel regimens. The incidence of febrile neutropenia of gemcitabine + carboplatin regimen was higher than that of PC, PLD + carboplatin, carboplatin, and PC + topotecan regimens. Topotecan PC + epirubicin regimen had a higher toxicity, comparing with PC, PLD + carboplatin, and PC + topotecan regimens. As for thrombocytopenia, gemcitabine + carboplatin chemotherapy regimen produced an obviously higher toxicity than PC and carboplatin. As for nausea, PLD + carboplatin chemotherapy regimen had a significantly higher toxicity than that of carboplatin chemotherapy regimen. Moreover, when compared with PC and carboplatin chemotherapy regimens, the toxicity of PC + epirubicin was greatly higher to patients with AOC.ConclusionThe nonhematologic toxicity of PLD + carboplatin regimen was higher than other regimens, which was clinically significant for the treatment of AOC.

Project description:Objective: To develop a nutrient-rich food (NRF) score that captures dietary reference values for older adults and to validate this against a diet index that was specifically designed to assess adherence to dietary guidelines for the older population. Design: A cross-sectional study within the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (DNFCS, n = 735 men and women aged 70-94 years, enrolled between October 2010 and February 2012) and within the NU-AGE study (n = 250 men and women aged 65-79 years, enrolled between April 2012 and March 2013). Dietary intake was assessed by means of two non-consecutive dietary record assisted 24-h recalls and 7-day food records, respectively. Structured questionnaires collected data on lifestyle and socio-economic information. Anthropometrics were measured by trained dieticians or research assistants. We evaluated Elderly NRF (E-NRF) scores against the NU-AGE index, a measure of adherence to European dietary guidelines for the aging population. The E-NRF scores were composed of nutrients that: (1) have been shown to be of inadequate intake in the aging population (>20%), (2) were defined as nutrients of public health relevance, and (3) were associated with relevant health outcomes. Results: The E-NRF score that best predicted the NU-AGE index included seven nutrients to encourage (protein, dietary fiber, folate, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, potassium) and three nutrients to limit (saturated fat, sodium and mono- and disaccharides) on a 100-kcal basis, the E-NRF7.3 score (model R2 0.27 in DNFCS and 0.41 in NU-AGE). Food groups contributing the most to the individual E-NRF7.3 scores were vegetables, bread, potatoes and milk and milk products. Conclusion: The E-NRF7.3 score is a useful tool for assessing nutrient density of diets within the older population. No index has previously been developed with the aim of evaluating nutrient density of diets and foods specifically capturing dietary reference values for older adults.

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Effects of newly developed chemotherapy regimens, comorbidities, chemotherapy-related toxicities on the changing patterns of the leading causes of death in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.

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Effects of newly developed chemotherapy regimens, comorbidities, chemotherapy-related toxicities on the changing patterns of the leading causes of death in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.

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