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Gene-diet interactions in gastric cancer risk: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT: To conduct a systematic review of the published epidemiological studies investigating the association of the interactions between gene variants and dietary intake with gastric cancer risk.A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE for articles published between January 2000 and July 2013, and 38 studies were identified. Previous studies included various dietary factors (e.g., fruits and vegetables, soybean products, salt, meat, and alcohol) and genetic variants that are involved in various metabolic pathways.Studies suggest that individuals who carry high-risk genetic variants and demonstrate particular dietary habits may have an increased risk of gastric cancer compared with those who do not carry high-risk genetic variants. Distinctive dietary patterns and variations in the frequency of genetic variants may explain the higher incidence of gastric cancer in a particular region. However, most previous studies have limitations, such as a small sample size and a retrospective case-control design. In addition, past studies have been unable to elucidate the specific mechanism in gene-diet interaction associated with gastric carcinogenesis.Additional large prospective epidemiological and experimental studies are required to identify the gene-diet metabolic pathways related to gastric cancer susceptibility.

SUBMITTER: Kim J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4110595 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Gene-diet interactions in gastric cancer risk: a systematic review.

Kim Jeongseon J Cho Young Ae YA Choi Wook Jin WJ Jeong Seung Hwa SH

World journal of gastroenterology 20140701 28

<h4>Aim</h4>To conduct a systematic review of the published epidemiological studies investigating the association of the interactions between gene variants and dietary intake with gastric cancer risk.<h4>Methods</h4>A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE for articles published between January 2000 and July 2013, and 38 studies were identified. Previous studies included various dietary factors (e.g., fruits and vegetables, soybean products, salt, meat, and alcohol) and g ...[more]

PMID: 25071358

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Project description:BackgroundDespite growing evidence for the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with gastric cancer risk, the results remain inconclusive. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the evidence from previous observational studies and assess the potential association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of gastric cancer using a dose-response meta-analysis.MethodsA comprehensive literature search for all observational studies published up to June 30, 2023 was conducted using the databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data. The pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the highest versus the lowest categories of Mediterranean diet score in relation to gastric cancer risk, using random-effects models. The Cochran's Q test and I-squared (I2) statistic were used to detect the sources of heterogeneity among the included studies.ResultsOverall, 11 studies (five cohort and six case-control studies) with a total number of 1,366,318 participants were included in the final analysis. Combining 14 effect sizes from 11 studies revealed that compared with the lowest category, the highest adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a 29% reduction in the risk of gastric cancer (RR:0.71; 95%CI:0.59-0.84, p < 0.001). In addition, linear dose-response analysis showed that each 1-score increment in Mediterranean diet score was associated with a 5% lower risk of gastric cancer (RR:0.95; 95%CI: 0.94-0.96, p < 0.001). Stratified analysis showed a significant association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of gastric cancer in case-control studies (RR = 0.44;95%CI:0.32-0.61, p < 0.001), and a marginally significant association in prospective cohort studies (RR = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.79-0.98, p = 0.024), respectively. At the same time, a more significant association between Mediterranean diet and reduced risk of gastric cancer was observed in other countries (RR = 0.28; 95%CI:0.16-0.49, p < 0.001) than in Western countries (RR = 0.75; 95%CI:0.64-0.88, p = 0.001).ConclusionOur results demonstrate that high adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with 29% reduced risk of gastric cancer. Further large prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm our findings.

Project description:BackgroundBoth genetic background and diet are important determinants of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Understanding gene-diet interactions could help improve CVD prevention and prognosis. We aimed to summarise the evidence on gene-diet interactions and CVD outcomes systematically.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE® via Ovid, Embase, PubMed®, and The Cochrane Library for relevant studies published until June 6th 2022. We considered for inclusion cross-sectional, case-control, prospective cohort, nested case-control, and case-cohort studies as well as randomised controlled trials that evaluated the interaction between genetic variants and/or genetic risk scores and food or diet intake on the risk of related outcomes, including myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and CVD as a composite outcome. The PROSPERO protocol registration code is CRD42019147031.Results and discussionWe included 59 articles based on data from 29 studies; six articles involved multiple studies, and seven did not report details of their source population. The median sample size of the articles was 2562 participants. Of the 59 articles, 21 (35.6%) were qualified as high quality, while the rest were intermediate or poor. Eleven (18.6%) articles adjusted for multiple comparisons, four (7.0%) attempted to replicate the findings, 18 (30.5%) were based on Han-Chinese ethnicity, and 29 (49.2%) did not present Minor Allele Frequency. Fifty different dietary exposures and 52 different genetic factors were investigated, with alcohol intake and ADH1C variants being the most examined. Of 266 investigated diet-gene interaction tests, 50 (18.8%) were statistically significant, including CETP-TaqIB and ADH1C variants, which interacted with alcohol intake on CHD risk. However, interactions effects were significant only in some articles and did not agree on the direction of effects. Moreover, most of the studies that reported significant interactions lacked replication. Overall, the evidence on gene-diet interactions on CVD is limited, and lack correction for multiple testing, replication and sample size consideration.

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Gene-diet interactions in gastric cancer risk: a systematic review.

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Gene-diet interactions in gastric cancer risk: a systematic review.

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