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In vivo skin penetration of quantum dot nanoparticles in the murine model: the effect of UVR.

ABSTRACT: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has widespread effects on the biology and integrity of the skin barrier. Research on the mechanisms that drive these changes, as well as their effect on skin barrier function, has been ongoing since the 1980s. However, no studies have examined the impact of UVR on nanoparticle skin penetration. Nanoparticles (NP) are commonly used in sunscreens and other cosmetics, and since consumer use of sunscreen is often applied to sun damaged skin, the effect of UVR on NP skin penetration is a concern due to potential toxicity. In this study, we investigate NP skin penetration by employing an in vivo semiconductor quantum dot nanoparticle (QD) model system. This model system improves NP imaging capabilities and provides additional primary interest due to widespread and expanding use of QD in research applications and manufacturing. In our experiments, carboxylated QD were applied to the skin of SKH-1 mice in a glycerol vehicle with and without UVR exposure. The skin collection and penetration patterns were evaluated 8 and 24 h after QD application using tissue histology, confocal microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with EDAX analysis. Low levels of penetration were seen in both the non-UVR exposed mice and the UVR exposed mice. Qualitatively higher levels of penetration were observable in the UVR exposed mice. These results are the first for in vivo QD skin penetration, and provide important insight into the ability of QD to penetrate intact and UVR compromised skin barrier. Our findings raise concern that NP of similar size and surface chemistry, such as metal oxide NP found in sunscreens, may also penetrate UV damaged skin.

SUBMITTER: Mortensen LJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4111258 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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In vivo skin penetration of quantum dot nanoparticles in the murine model: the effect of UVR.

Mortensen Luke J LJ Oberdörster Gunter G Pentland Alice P AP Delouise Lisa A LA

Nano letters 20080808 9

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has widespread effects on the biology and integrity of the skin barrier. Research on the mechanisms that drive these changes, as well as their effect on skin barrier function, has been ongoing since the 1980s. However, no studies have examined the impact of UVR on nanoparticle skin penetration. Nanoparticles (NP) are commonly used in sunscreens and other cosmetics, and since consumer use of sunscreen is often applied to sun damaged skin, the effect of UVR on NP skin p ...[more]

PMID: 18687009

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Project description:Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has been recently shown to form biofilm structures in vitro and in vivo. Biofilms are tightly clustered microbes characterized as resistant aggregations that allow bacteria to withstand harsh environmental conditions, including the administration of antibiotics. Novel antibiotic combinations have recently been identified for B. burgdorferi in vitro, however, due to prohibiting costs, those agents have not been tested in an environment that can mimic the host tissue. Therefore, researchers cannot evaluate their true effectiveness against B. burgdorferi, especially its biofilm form. A skin ex vivo model system could be ideal for these types of experiments due to its cost effectiveness, reproducibility, and ability to investigate host-microbial interactions. Therefore, the main goal of this study was the establishment of a novel ex vivo murine skin biopsy model for B. burgdorferi biofilm research. Murine skin biopsies were inoculated with B. burgdorferi at various concentrations and cultured in different culture media. Two weeks post-infection, murine skin biopsies were analyzed utilizing immunohistochemical (IHC), reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and various microscopy methods to determine B. burgdorferi presence and forms adopted as well as whether it remained live in the skin tissue explants. Our results showed that murine skin biopsies inoculated with 1 × 107 cells of B. burgdorferi and cultured in BSK-H + 6% rabbit serum media for two weeks yielded not just significant amounts of live B. burgdorferi spirochetes but biofilm forms as well. IHC combined with confocal and atomic force microscopy techniques identified specific biofilm markers and spatial distribution of B. burgdorferi aggregates in the infected skin tissues, confirming that they are indeed biofilms. In the future, this ex vivo skin model can be used to study development and antibiotic susceptibility of B. burgdorferi biofilms in efforts to treat Lyme disease effectively.

Dataset Information

In vivo skin penetration of quantum dot nanoparticles in the murine model: the effect of UVR.

Publications

In vivo skin penetration of quantum dot nanoparticles in the murine model: the effect of UVR.

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