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Measles vaccination in the presence or absence of maternal measles antibody: impact on child survival.

ABSTRACT: Measles vaccine (MV) has a greater effect on child survival when administered in early infancy, when maternal antibody may still be present.To test whether MV has a greater effect on overall survival if given in the presence of maternal measles antibody, we reanalyzed data from 2 previously published randomized trials of a 2-dose schedule with MV given at 4-6 months and at 9 months of age. In both trials antibody levels had been measured before early measles vaccination.In trial I (1993-1995), the mortality rate was 0.0 per 1000 person-years among children vaccinated with MV in the presence of maternal antibody and 32.3 per 1000 person-years without maternal antibody (mortality rate ratio [MRR], 0.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0-.52). In trial II (2003-2007), the mortality rate was 4.2 per 1000 person-years among children vaccinated in presence of maternal measles antibody and 14.5 per 1000 person-years without measles antibody (MRR, 0.29; 95% CI, .09-.91). Possible confounding factors did not explain the difference. In a combined analysis, children who had measles antibody detected when they received their first dose of MV at 4-6 months of age had lower mortality than children with no maternal antibody, the MRR being 0.22 (95% CI, .07-.64) between 4-6 months and 5 years.Child mortality in low-income countries may be reduced by vaccinating against measles in the presence of maternal antibody, using a 2-dose schedule with the first dose at 4-6 months (earlier than currently recommended) and a booster dose at 9-12 months of age.NCT00168558.

SUBMITTER: Aaby P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4111916 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Measles vaccination in the presence or absence of maternal measles antibody: impact on child survival.

Aaby Peter P Martins Cesário L CL Garly May-Lill ML Andersen Andreas A Fisker Ane B AB Claesson Mogens H MH Ravn Henrik H Rodrigues Amabelia A Whittle Hilton C HC Benn Christine S CS

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 20140514 4

<h4>Background</h4>Measles vaccine (MV) has a greater effect on child survival when administered in early infancy, when maternal antibody may still be present.<h4>Methods</h4>To test whether MV has a greater effect on overall survival if given in the presence of maternal measles antibody, we reanalyzed data from 2 previously published randomized trials of a 2-dose schedule with MV given at 4-6 months and at 9 months of age. In both trials antibody levels had been measured before early measles va ...[more]

PMID: 24829213

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Project description:BackgroundMeasles vaccine (MV) administered as the last vaccine after the third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) may be associated with better child survival unrelated to prevention of measles infection. Other studies have shown that MV administered after DTP was more beneficial and was associated with lower mortality compared with DTP administered after MV or DTP administered simultaneously with MV. We compared the difference in mortality between measles vaccinated after DTP3 and measles-unvaccinated children in Navrongo, Ghana.MethodsThis was a follow-up study involving annual cohort of children aged 9-23?months from 1996 to 2012. We assessed survival in relation to the measles vaccination status within the first 12?months from interview date and until 5?years of age using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsIn all, 38,333 children were included in the study. The proportion of children vaccinated with MV-after-DTP3 increased from 45% in 1996 to 95% in 2012. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for measles unvaccinated compared with MV-after-DTP3 vaccinated children was 1.38 (1.15-1.66) in the first 12?months after assessment of vaccination status and 1.22 (1.05-1.41) with follow-up to 5?years of age. The national immunization days campaigns with oral polio vaccine or MV might have reduced the effect of being MV-after-DTP3 vaccinated vs MV-unvaccinated. For 12?months of follow-up, the HR before a campaign for MV-unvaccinated children was 1.63 (1.23-2.17) compared to those who received MV-after-DTP3. After the campaign, the HR reduced to 1.23 (0.97-1.54). Stratifying the analysis by sex, measles-unvaccinated boys had a HR of 1.69 (1.33-2.61) compared to measles-unvaccinated girls who had a HR 1.06 (0.79-1.40) during 1-year follow-up. In 1989, only 7% of children in the area had received MV-after-DTP3; the increase in MV-after-DTP3 coverage from 1989 to 2012 may have lowered mortality rate among children aged 9?months to 3?years by 24%.ConclusionThough an observational study, our findings suggest that measles vaccination, administered in the recommended sequence, is associated with improved child survival and may have contributed importantly to the mortality decline toward the achievement of Millennium Development Goal 4.

Dataset Information

Measles vaccination in the presence or absence of maternal measles antibody: impact on child survival.

Publications

Measles vaccination in the presence or absence of maternal measles antibody: impact on child survival.

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