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Short-term aerobic exercise and vascular function in CKD stage 3: a randomized controlled trial.

ABSTRACT: The present study was designed to determine the effect of short-term moderate-intensity exercise training on arterial stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3.Randomized controlled trial with a parallel-group design.Testing and training sessions were performed at Springfield College. 46 (treatment group, n=25; control group, n=21) patients with CKD with diabetes and/or hypertension completed the study.The aerobic training program consisted of 16 weeks of supervised exercise training at 50%-60% peak oxygen uptake (Vo2peak) 3 times per week, while the control group remained sedentary. Identical testing procedures were performed following the 16-week intervention.The primary outcome was arterial stiffness. Secondary outcomes were aerobic capacity, various blood parameters (endothelin 1, nitrate/nitrite, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and health-related quality of life.Arterial stiffness was assessed with aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), aerobic capacity by Vo2peak, blood parameters by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and health-related quality of life by the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Participants attended 4 sessions before being randomly assigned to either the treatment or control group. Participants gave consent during the first session, whereas a graded exercise test with measurement of Vo2peak was completed during the second session. During sessions 3 and 4, aortic PWV was measured at rest prior to 40 minutes of either moderate-intensity exercise training or seated rest. A venous blood sample was obtained prior to exercise or rest and participants completed the SF-36 questionnaire.16 weeks of training led to an 8.2% increase in Vo2peak for the treatment group (P=0.05), but no changes in aortic PWV .Randomization was not concealed and was violated on one occasion; also, use of an indirect measurement of endothelial function and the short duration of the intervention.Short-term moderate-intensity exercise training does not alter arterial stiffness in patients with CKD, but seems to reduce endothelin 1 levels.

SUBMITTER: Headley S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4112010 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Short-term aerobic exercise and vascular function in CKD stage 3: a randomized controlled trial.

Headley Samuel S Germain Michael M Wood Richard R Joubert Jyovani J Milch Charles C Evans Elizabeth E Poindexter Anthony A Cornelius Allen A Brewer Britton B Pescatello Linda S LS Parker Beth B

American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 20140426 2

<h4>Background</h4>The present study was designed to determine the effect of short-term moderate-intensity exercise training on arterial stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3.<h4>Study design</h4>Randomized controlled trial with a parallel-group design.<h4>Setting & participants</h4>Testing and training sessions were performed at Springfield College. 46 (treatment group, n=25; control group, n=21) patients with CKD with diabetes and/or hypertension completed the study.< ...[more]

PMID: 24776325

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Project description:ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of a progressive aerobic exercise training program on cognitive and everyday function among adults with mild subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI).MethodsThis was a proof-of-concept single-blind randomized controlled trial comparing a 6-month, thrice-weekly, progressive aerobic exercise training program (AT) with usual care plus education on cognitive and everyday function with a follow-up assessment 6 months after the formal cessation of aerobic exercise training. Primary outcomes assessed were general cognitive function (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale [ADAS-Cog]), executive functions (Executive Interview [EXIT-25]), and activities of daily living (Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living [ADCS-ADL]).ResultsSeventy adults randomized to aerobic exercise training or usual care were included in intention-to-treat analyses (mean age 74 years, 51% female, n = 35 per group). At the end of the intervention, the aerobic exercise training group had significantly improved ADAS-Cog performance compared with the usual care plus education group (-1.71 point difference, 95% confidence interval [CI] -3.15 to -0.26, p = 0.02); however, this difference was not significant at the 6-month follow-up (-0.63 point difference, 95% CI -2.34 to 1.07, p = 0.46). There were no significant between-group differences at intervention completion and at the 6-month follow-up in EXIT-25 or ADCS-ADL performance. Examination of secondary measures showed between-group differences at intervention completion favoring the AT group in 6-minute walk distance (30.35 meter difference, 95% CI 5.82 to 54.86, p = 0.02) and in diastolic blood pressure (-6.89 mm Hg difference, 95% CI -12.52 to -1.26, p = 0.02).ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of 6 months of thrice-weekly progressive aerobic training in community-dwelling adults with mild SIVCI, relative to usual care plus education.Clinicaltrialsgov identifierNCT01027858.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that for adults with mild SIVCI, an aerobic exercise program for 6 months results in a small, significant improvement in ADAS-Cog performance.

Project description:Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are nontraditional risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) that could be targeted with exercise. This study investigated the effect of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise on vascular function in nondialysis CKD. In this randomized, controlled trial, 36 nondialysis patients with CKD (means ± SE, age: 58 ± 2 yr, estimated glomerular filtration rate: 44 ± 2 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2) were allocated to an exercise training (EXT) or control (CON) arm. The EXT group performed 3 × 45 min of supervised exercise per week at 60-85% heart rate reserve for 12 wk, whereas the CON group received routine care. Outcomes were assessed at 0 and 12 wk. The primary outcome, microvascular function, was assessed via cutaneous vasodilation during local heating measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry coupled with microdialysis. Participants were instrumented with two microdialysis fibers for the delivery of 1) Ringer solution and 2) the superoxide scavenger tempol. Conduit artery function was assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. Aortic pressure waveforms and pulse wave velocity were acquired with tonometry and oscillometry. Microvascular function improved after EXT (week 0 vs.week 12, EXT: 87 ± 2% vs. 91 ± 2% and CON: 86 ± 2% vs. 84 ± 3%, P = 0.03). At baseline, pharmacological delivery of tempol improved microvascular function (Ringer solution vs. tempol: 86 ± 1% vs. 90 ± 1%, P = 0.02) but was no longer effective after EXT (91 ± 2% vs. 87 ± 1%, P = 0.2), suggesting that an improved redox balance plays a role in EXT-related improvements. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was maintained after EXT (EXT: 2.6 ± 0.4% vs. 3.8 ± 0.8% and CON: 3.5 ± 0.6% vs. 2.3 ± 0.4%, P = 0.02). Central arterial hemodynamics and arterial stiffness were unchanged after EXT. Aerobic exercise improved microvascular function and maintained conduit artery function and should be considered as an adjunct therapy to reduce CVD risk in CKD.

Project description:BackgroundWe hypothesized that a 2-week twice daily aquatic endurance plus calisthenics exercise training program: (i) increases aerobic exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake/ V˙ O2peak), (ii) improves endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), and (iii) reduces circulating markers of low-grade inflammation and hemostasis, as compared to land-based endurance plus calisthenics exercise training or no exercise in patients undergoing short-term residential cardiac rehabilitation after a recent coronary artery disease (CAD) event.MethodsPatients with a recent myocardial infarction or revascularization procedure were randomized into two interventional groups and a control group. The interventional groups underwent supervised aerobic endurance plus calisthenics exercise training either in thermo-neutral water or on land at moderate intensity (60-80% of the peak heart rate achieved during symptom-limited graded exercise testing) for 30 min twice daily for 2 weeks (i.e., 24 sessions). The control group was deferred from supervised exercise training for the 2-week duration of the intervention, but was advised low-to-moderate intensity physical activity at home while waiting. At baseline and after the intervention period, all participants underwent estimation of aerobic exercise capacity, brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD, measured ultrasonographically at rest and during reactive hyperemia after 4.5 min of forearm cuff inflation), markers of cardiac dysfunction (NT-proBNP), inflammation (hsCRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), cell adhesion (ICAM, P-selectin), and hemostasis (fibrinogen, D-dimer).ResultsA total of 89 patients (mean age 59.9 ± 8.2 years, 77.5% males, V˙ O2peak at baseline 14.8 ± 3.5 ml kg-1 min-1) completed the study. Both exercise modalities were safe (no significant adverse events recorded) and associated with a significant improvement in V˙ O2peak as compared to controls: age and baseline V˙ O2peak-adjusted end-of-study V˙ O2peak increased to 16.7 (95% CI 16.0-17.4) ml kg-1 min-1 with land-based training (p < 0.001 for change from baseline) and to 18.6 (95% CI 17.9-19.3) ml kg-1 min-1 with water-based training (p < 0.001 for change from baseline), but not in controls (14.9 ml kg-1 min-1; 95% CI 14.2-15.6; p = 0.775 for change from baseline). FMD also increased in both intervention groups (from 5.5 to 8.8%, p < 0.001 with land-based, and from 7.2 to 9.2%, p < 0.001 with water-based training, respectively), as compared to controls (p for change 0.629). No significant changes were detected in biomarkers of inflammation, cell adhesion or hemostasis, whereas levels of NT-proBNP (marker of cardiac dysfunction) decreased in the water-based training group (p = 0.07 vs. controls).ConclusionEndurance plus calisthenics exercise training in thermo-neutral water is safe, and improves aerobic exercise capacity and vascular function in patients undergoing short-term residential cardiac rehabilitation after a recent CAD event.Clinical trial registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02831829.

Project description:Rationale & objectiveWe aimed to test interventions to improve physical activity in persons with advanced chronic kidney disease not yet receiving dialysis.Study designRandomized controlled trial with parallel-group design.Setting & participantsWe embedded a pragmatic referral to exercise programming in high-volume kidney clinics servicing diverse populations in San Jose, CA, and Atlanta, GA. We recruited 56 participants with estimated glomerular filtration rates < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2.InterventionsWe randomly assigned participants to a mobile health (mHealth) group-wearable activity trackers and fitness professional counseling, or an Exercise is Medicine intervention framework (EIM) group-mHealth components plus twice-weekly small-group directed exercise sessions customized to persons with kidney disease. We performed assessments at baseline, 8 weeks at the end of active intervention, and 16 weeks after passive follow-up and used multilevel mixed models to assess between-group differences.OutcomesActivity tracker total daily step count.ResultsOf 56 participants, 86% belonged to a racial/ethnic minority group; randomly assigned groups were well balanced on baseline step count. In intention-to-treat analyses, the EIM and mHealth groups both experienced declines in daily step counts, but there was an attenuated reduction in light intensity physical activity (standard error 0.2 [5.8] vs -8.5 [5.4] min/d; P = 0.08) in the EIM compared with the mHealth group at 8 weeks. In as-treated analyses, total daily step count, distance covered, and light and moderate-vigorous activity minutes per day improved in the EIM group and declined in the mHealth group at 8 weeks (standard error +335 [506] vs -884 [340] steps per day; P = 0.05; P < 0.05 for secondary measures), but group differences faded at 16 weeks. There were no differences in quality-of-life and mental health measures during the study.LimitationsSmall sample size, limited duration of study, assessment of intermediate outcomes (steps per day).ConclusionsA clinic-integrated referral to small-group exercise sessions is feasible, safe, and moderately effective in improving physical activity in an underserved population with high comorbid conditions.FundingNormon S Coplon Applied Pragmatic Clinical Research program.Trial registrationNCT03311763.

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Short-term aerobic exercise and vascular function in CKD stage 3: a randomized controlled trial.

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Short-term aerobic exercise and vascular function in CKD stage 3: a randomized controlled trial.

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