Dataset Information

Zinc-?2-glycoprotein expression in adipose tissue of obese postmenopausal women before and after weight loss and exercise + weight loss.

ABSTRACT: Zinc-Alpha 2-Glycoprotein (ZAG) has recently been implicated in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism due to its negative association with obesity and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between adipose tissue ZAG expression and central obesity, and the effects of six-months of weight loss (WL) or aerobic exercise + weight loss (AEX + WL) on ZAG expression.A six-month, longitudinal study of 33 healthy, overweight or obese postmenopausal women (BMI: 25-46 kg/m(2)) was conducted. Abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue samples were obtained before and after AEX + WL (n = 17) and WL (n = 16). ZAG expression was determined by RT-PCR.Prior to interventions, abdominal ZAG expression was negatively correlated with visceral fat (r = -0.50, P < 0.005), sagittal diameter (r = -0.42, P < 0.05), and positively related to VO(2)max (r = 0.37, P < 0.05). Gluteal ZAG expression was negatively correlated with weight, fat-free mass, visceral fat, resting metabolic rate, and fasting insulin (r = -0.39 to -0.50, all P < 0.05). Abdominal ZAG mRNA levels increased, though not significantly, 5% after AEX + WL and 11% after WL. Gluteal ZAG mRNA levels also did not change significantly with AEX + WL and WL.Abdominal ZAG expression may be important in central fat accumulation and fitness but only modestly increase (nonsignificantly) with weight reduction alone or with aerobic training in obese postmenopausal women.

SUBMITTER: Ge S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4113020 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Zinc-α2-glycoprotein expression in adipose tissue of obese postmenopausal women before and after weight loss and exercise + weight loss.

Ge Shealinna S Ryan Alice S AS

Metabolism: clinical and experimental 20140504 8

<h4>Objective</h4>Zinc-Alpha 2-Glycoprotein (ZAG) has recently been implicated in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism due to its negative association with obesity and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between adipose tissue ZAG expression and central obesity, and the effects of six-months of weight loss (WL) or aerobic exercise + weight loss (AEX + WL) on ZAG expression.<h4>Design and methods</h4>A six-month, longitudinal study of 33 health ...[more]

PMID: 24929893

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Microbiota and bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract profoundly alter systemic metabolic processes. In obese subjects, gradual weight loss ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and related systemic changes. We assessed how rapid weight loss due to a very low calorie diet (VLCD) affects the fecal microbiome and fecal bile acid composition, and their interactions with the plasma metabolome and subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. METHODS:We performed a prospective cohort study of VLCD-induced weight loss of 10% in ten grades 2-3 obese postmenopausal women in a metabolic unit. Baseline and post weight loss evaluation included fasting plasma analyzed by mass spectrometry, adipose tissue transcription by RNA sequencing, stool 16S rRNA sequencing for fecal microbiota, fecal bile acids by mass spectrometry, and urinary metabolic phenotyping by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Outcome measures included mixed model correlations between changes in fecal microbiota and bile acid composition with changes in plasma metabolite and adipose tissue gene expression pathways. RESULTS:Alterations in the urinary metabolic phenotype following VLCD-induced weight loss were consistent with starvation ketosis, protein sparing, and disruptions to the functional status of the gut microbiota. We show that the core microbiome was preserved during VLCD-induced weight loss, but with changes in several groups of bacterial taxa with functional implications. UniFrac analysis showed overall parallel shifts in community structure, corresponding to reduced abundance of the genus Roseburia and increased Christensenellaceae;g__ (unknown genus). Imputed microbial functions showed changes in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. A significant fall in fecal total bile acid concentration and reduced deconjugation and 7-?-dihydroxylation were accompanied by significant changes in several bacterial taxa. Individual bile acids in feces correlated with amino acid, purine, and lipid metabolic pathways in plasma. Furthermore, several fecal bile acids and bacterial species correlated with altered gene expression pathways in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS:VLCD dietary intervention in obese women changed the composition of several fecal microbial populations while preserving the core fecal microbiome. Changes in individual microbial taxa and their functions correlated with variations in the plasma metabolome, fecal bile acid composition, and adipose tissue transcriptome. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01699906, 4-Oct-2012, Retrospectively registered. URL- https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01699906.

Project description:Excessive adipose tissue mass underlies much of the metabolic health complications in obesity. Although exercise training is known to improve metabolic health in individuals with obesity, the effects of exercise training without weight loss on adipose tissue structure and metabolic function remain unclear. Thirty-six adults with obesity (body mass index = 33 ± 3 kg · m-2 ) were assigned to 12 weeks (4 days week-1 ) of either moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 70% maximal heart rate, 45 min; n = 17) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT; 90% maximal heart rate, 10 × 1 min; n = 19), maintaining their body weight throughout. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) biopsy samples were collected once before and twice after training (1 day after last exercise and again 4 days later). Exercise training modified aSAT morphology (i.e. reduced fat cell size, increased collagen type 5a3, both P ≤ 0.05, increased capillary density, P = 0.05) and altered protein abundance of factors that regulate aSAT remodelling (i.e. reduced matrix metallopeptidase 9; P = 0.02; increased angiopoietin-2; P < 0.01). Exercise training also increased protein abundance of factors that regulate lipid metabolism (e.g. hormone sensitive lipase and fatty acid translocase; P ≤ 0.03) and key proteins involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway when measured the day after the last exercise session. However, most of these exercise-mediated changes were no longer significant 4 days after exercise. Importantly, MICT and HIIT induced remarkably similar adaptations in aSAT. Collectively, even in the absence of weight loss, 12 weeks of exercise training induced changes in aSAT structure, as well as factors that regulate metabolism and the inflammatory signal pathway in adults with obesity. KEY POINTS: Exercise training is well-known to improve metabolic health in obesity, although how exercise modifies the structure and metabolic function of adipose tissue, in the absence of weight loss, remains unclear. We report that both 12 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) induced modifications in adipose tissue structure and factors that regulate adipose tissue remodelling, metabolism and the inflammatory signal pathway in adults with obesity, even without weight loss (with no meaningful differences between MICT and HIIT). The modest modifications in adipose tissue structure in response to 12 weeks of MICT or HIIT did not lead to changes in the rate of fatty acid release from adipose tissue. These results expand our understanding about the effects of two commonly used exercise training prescriptions (MICT and HIIT) on adipose tissue remodelling that may lead to advanced strategies for improving metabolic health outcomes in adults with obesity.

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Project description:Little is known about the effect of intentional weight loss and subsequent weight regain on cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults. The objective of this study was to determine how cardiometabolic risk factors change in the year following significant intentional weight loss in postmenopausal women, and if observed changes were affected by weight and fat regain.Eighty, overweight and obese, older women (age = 58.8±5.1 years) were followed through a 5-month weight loss intervention and a subsequent 12-month nonintervention period. Body weight/composition and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure; total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; triglycerides; fasting glucose and insulin; and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) were analyzed at baseline, immediately postintervention, and 6- and 12-months postintervention.Average weight loss during the 5-month intervention was 11.4±4.1kg and 31.4% of lost weight was regained during the 12-month follow-up. On average, all risk factor variables were significantly improved with weight loss but regressed toward baseline values during the year subsequent to weight loss. Increases in total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance during the postintervention follow-up were significantly (p < .05) associated with weight and fat mass regain. Among women who regained weight, model-adjusted total cholesterol (205.8±4.0 vs 199.7±2.9mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (128.4±3.4 vs 122.7±2.4mg/dL), insulin (12.6±0.7 vs 11.4±0.7mg/dL), and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (55.8±3.5 vs 50.9±3.7mg/dL) were higher at follow-up compared with baseline.For postmenopausal women, even partial weight regain following intentional weight loss is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. Conversely, maintenance of or continued weight loss is associated with sustained improvement in the cardiometabolic profile.

Dataset Information

Zinc-?2-glycoprotein expression in adipose tissue of obese postmenopausal women before and after weight loss and exercise + weight loss.

Publications

Zinc-α2-glycoprotein expression in adipose tissue of obese postmenopausal women before and after weight loss and exercise + weight loss.

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