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Results of Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis in Patients with Clinically Diagnosed Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in order to provide a precise diagnosis and genetic counseling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1982 and 2007, ten patients were clinically diagnosed with LHON and six of these patients agreed to be involved in this study. Six healthy individuals were also included as a control group. mtDNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples and polymerase chain reaction and mtDNA sequence analysis were performed. RESULTS: In one of the six patients, a homoplasmic mutant m.11778G>A mutation was detected. All of the clinically diagnosed LHON patients and the control groups had the m.14212C>T and m.14580G>A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The m.11719A>G SNP was detected in three of six patients and four of the controls. Two of the six patients had the m.3197T>C SNP and, in addition, the m.14258G>A SNP was found in one of these two patients, while neither of these mutations were present in the control group. CONCLUSION: The clinical diagnosis of LHON could be supported by molecular genetics only in one patient by the detection of one mutation. The m.3197T>C and m.14258G>A SNPs should be considered as potential mtDNA mutations due to the fact that they were detected in the patient group. These mutations should be investigated further in large case groups for suspected gene loci that could lead to optic neuropathy.

SUBMITTER: Gurkan H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4115833 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Results of Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis in Patients with Clinically Diagnosed Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

Gürkan Hakan H Ozal Sadık Altan SA Esgin Haluk H

Balkan medical journal 20120901 3

<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate possible mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in order to provide a precise diagnosis and genetic counseling.<h4>Material and methods</h4>Between 1982 and 2007, ten patients were clinically diagnosed with LHON and six of these patients agreed to be involved in this study. Six healthy individuals were also included as a control group. mtDNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples and polymerase chain re ...[more]

PMID: 25207020

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Project description:PurposeTo screen mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).MethodsTen LHON patients were selected from neuro-ophthalmology clinics of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India. Clinical evaluation included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus examination, and neuroimaging. DNA was isolated from whole blood samples. The entire coding region of the mitochondrial genome was amplified by PCR in ten patients and 20 controls. The full mtDNA genome except D-loop was sequenced. All sequences were analyzed against mitochondrial reference sequence NC_012920.ResultsMtDNA sequencing revealed a total of 30 nucleotide variations in the ten LHON patients and 29 in the 20 controls. Of 30 changes, 30.00% (9/30) were nonsynonymous, and the remaining 70.00% (21/30) were synonymous. In controls, a total of five changes were nonsynonymous. Out of the total 14 nonsynonymous changes observed in cases and controls, four (p.A52T in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NADH] dehydrogenase [ND1] protein; p.L128Q in ND2; p.W48R in ATPase6; p.R340H in ND4 protein) were pathogenic. Four patients were positive for either of pathogenic changes. In total, 16.66% (5/30) variations were novel out of which 40.00% (2/5) were nonsynonymous. All novel variations were submitted to the GenBank database, and accession numbers were obtained. Primary LHON mutations in complex I genes have been considered a hallmark feature of LHON patients, and primary LHON mutations were present in two cases in this study. Mutations in complex I genes (ND genes) account for 50%-90% of LHON pedigrees in different ethnic pedigrees. In this study the highest numbers of changes were also present in complex I genes (46.66%; 14/30) followed by complex IV (30.00%; 9/30), complex III (16.66%; 5/30), and then complex V (6.66%; 2/30). Complex I had 5/30 (16.66%) nonsynonymous changes, complex III had 1/30 (3.33%), complex IV had 1/30 (3.33%), and complex V had 2/30 (6.66%) nonsynonymous changes. Nonsynonymous mutations in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) genes have been reported previously in LHON patients. Nonsynonymous mtDNA variations may adversely affect the respiratory chain and impair the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway, resulting in low ATP production and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which cause oxidative stress. It has previously been reported that oxidative stress (OS) leads to oxidative damage of cellular macromolecules, such as mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, proteins, and lipids along with energy depletion and a local imbalance of calcium homeostasis, resulting in neuronal degeneration. OS is the underlying etiology in several ocular diseases and also plays an essential role in LHON.ConclusionsA total of five novel mtDNA variations were identified in this study. Nonsynonymous mtDNA variations may adversely affect the respiratory chain and impair the OXPHOS pathway, resulting in low ATP production and elevated ROS levels. OS further damages both nuclear and mtDNA. This preliminary study describes mtDNA sequence variations in a relatively small number of LHON patients of north Indian ethnic origin. However, these results should be confirmed in other populations. Early diagnosis of mtDNA variations and prompt anti-oxidant administration in these cases may delay OS-induced injury to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and hence improve visual prognosis.

Dataset Information

Results of Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis in Patients with Clinically Diagnosed Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

Publications

Results of Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis in Patients with Clinically Diagnosed Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

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