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The nuclear localization of ?-tubulin is regulated by SadB-mediated phosphorylation.

ABSTRACT: ?-Tubulin is an important cell division regulator that arranges microtubule assembly and mitotic spindle formation. Cytosolic ?-tubulin nucleates ?- and ?-tubulin in a growing microtubule by forming the ring-shaped protein complex ?TuRC. Nuclear ?-tubulin also regulates S-phase progression by moderating the activities of E2 promoter-binding factors. The mechanism that regulates localization of ?-tubulin is currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the human Ser/Thr kinase SadB short localizes to chromatin and centrosomes. We found that SadB-mediated phosphorylation of ?-tubulin on Ser(385) formed chromatin-associated ?-tubulin complexes that moderate gene expression. In this way, the C-terminal region of ?-tubulin regulates S-phase progression. In addition, chromatin levels of ?-tubulin were decreased by the reduction of SadB levels or expression of a non-phosphorylatable Ala(385)-?-tubulin but were enhanced by expression of SadB, wild-type ?-tubulin, or a phosphomimetic Asp(385)-?-tubulin mutant. Our results demonstrate that SadB kinases regulate the cellular localization of ?-tubulin and thereby control S-phase progression.

SUBMITTER: Eklund G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4118101 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The nuclear localization of γ-tubulin is regulated by SadB-mediated phosphorylation.

Eklund Greta G Lang Stefan S Glindre Johan J Ehlén Åsa Å Alvarado-Kristensson Maria M

The Journal of biological chemistry 20140618 31

γ-Tubulin is an important cell division regulator that arranges microtubule assembly and mitotic spindle formation. Cytosolic γ-tubulin nucleates α- and β-tubulin in a growing microtubule by forming the ring-shaped protein complex γTuRC. Nuclear γ-tubulin also regulates S-phase progression by moderating the activities of E2 promoter-binding factors. The mechanism that regulates localization of γ-tubulin is currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the human Ser/Thr kinase SadB short localizes ...[more]

PMID: 24942739

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Project description:Histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5), a class IIa deacetylase, is a prominent regulator of cellular and epigenetic processes that underlie the progression of human disease, ranging from cardiac hypertrophy to cancer. Although it is established that phosphorylation mediates 14-3-3 protein binding and provides the essential link between HDAC5 nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling and transcriptional repression, thus far only four phospho-acceptor sites have been functionally characterized. Here, using a combinatorial proteomics approach and phosphomutant screening, we present the first evidence that HDAC5 has at least 17 in vivo phosphorylation sites within functional domains, including Ser278 and Ser279 within the nuclear localization signal (NLS), Ser1108 within the nuclear export signal, and Ser755 in deacetylase domain. Global and targeted MS/MS analyses of NLS peptides demonstrated the presence of single (Ser278 and Ser279) and double (Ser278/Ser279) phosphorylations. The double S278/279A mutation showed reduced association with HDAC3, slightly decreased deacetylation activity, and significantly increased cytoplasmic localization compared with wild type HDAC5, whereas the S278A and S1108A phosphomutants were not altered. Live cell imaging revealed a deficiency in nuclear import of S278/279A HDAC5. Phosphomutant stable cell lines confirmed the cellular redistribution of NLS mutants and revealed a more pronounced cytoplasmic localization for the single S279A mutant. Proteomic analysis of immunoisolated S278/279A, S279A, and S259/498A mutants linked altered cellular localization to changes in protein interactions. S278/279A and S279A HDAC5 showed reduced association with the NCoR-HDAC3 nuclear corepressor complex as well as protein kinase D enzymes, which were potentiated in the S259/498A mutant. These results provide the first link between phosphorylation outside the known 14-3-3 sites and downstream changes in protein interactions. Together these studies identify Ser279 as a critical phosphorylation within the NLS involved in the nuclear import of HDAC5, providing a regulatory point in nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling that may be conserved in other class IIa HDACs-HDAC4 and HDAC9.

Dataset Information

The nuclear localization of ?-tubulin is regulated by SadB-mediated phosphorylation.

Publications

The nuclear localization of γ-tubulin is regulated by SadB-mediated phosphorylation.

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