Dataset Information

Trichoderma atroviride transcriptional regulator Xyr1 supports the induction of systemic resistance in plants.

ABSTRACT: As a result of a transcriptome-wide analysis of the ascomycete Trichoderma atroviride, mycoparasitism-related genes were identified; of these, 13 genes were further investigated for differential expression. In silico analysis of the upstream regulatory regions of these genes pointed to xylanase regulator 1 (Xyr1) as a putatively involved regulatory protein. Transcript analysis of the xyr1 gene of T. atroviride in confrontation with other fungi allowed us to determine that xyr1 levels increased during mycoparasitism. To gain knowledge about the precise role of Xyr1 in the mycoparasitic process, the corresponding gene was deleted from the T. atroviride genome. This resulted in strong reductions in the transcript levels of axe1 and swo1, which encode accessory cell wall-degrading enzymes considered relevant for mycoparasitism. We also analyzed the role of Xyr1 in the Trichoderma-Arabidopsis interaction, finding that the plant response elicited by T. atroviride is delayed if Xyr1 is missing in the fungus.

SUBMITTER: Reithner B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4136121 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Trichoderma atroviride transcriptional regulator Xyr1 supports the induction of systemic resistance in plants.

Reithner Barbara B Mach-Aigner Astrid R AR Herrera-Estrella Alfredo A Mach Robert L RL

Applied and environmental microbiology 20140620 17

As a result of a transcriptome-wide analysis of the ascomycete Trichoderma atroviride, mycoparasitism-related genes were identified; of these, 13 genes were further investigated for differential expression. In silico analysis of the upstream regulatory regions of these genes pointed to xylanase regulator 1 (Xyr1) as a putatively involved regulatory protein. Transcript analysis of the xyr1 gene of T. atroviride in confrontation with other fungi allowed us to determine that xyr1 levels increased d ...[more]

PMID: 24951787

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Project description:Trichoderma reesei is known for its ability to produce large amounts of extracellular proteins and is one of the most important industrially used filamentous fungus. Xylanase regulator 1 (XYR1) as the master regulator is responsible for the activation of cellulase and hemicellulase gene expression, normally under inducing conditions. It has been reported that strains with point mutations in certain areas of xyr1 bypass the carbon catabolite repression, allowing cellulase and hemicellulase production even in the presence of glucose. These mutations also change the profile of produced proteins, shifting it more towards xylanase production, and increase the overall protein production in inducing conditions. However, how these mutations alter the metabolism and other cellular processes to cause these changes remains unclear. In the present study, our aim was to explore changes caused by a point mutation in xyr1 on transcriptomic and metabolic level to better understand the reasons behind the increased protein production in both repressing glucose and inducing lactose conditions. We observed that the xyr1 mutant strain built more biomass and produced more extracellular proteins during growth on lactose compared to the wild type xyr1 strain. Genes involved in oxidoreductive D-galactose catabolism pathway were upregulated in the xyr1 mutant strain, potentially contributing to the more efficient utilization of lactose. The shift from utilizing lactose to using glucose as carbon source seemed faster in the xyr1 mutant strain. Clustering and enrichment analysis showed over-representation of mitochondria-related Gene Ontology terms in clusters where gene expression was higher in the xyr1 mutant, indicating that mitochondria play a role in the altered metabolic state associated with the xyr1 mutation. Metabolomics revealed that free tyrosine was more abundant in the xyr1 mutant strain in all measured timepoints, whereas multiple fatty acids were less abundant in the mutant strain on glucose. The results contribute to more in-depth knowledge on T. reesei physiology and aid in finding new targets for improved protein production.

Dataset Information

Trichoderma atroviride transcriptional regulator Xyr1 supports the induction of systemic resistance in plants.

Publications

Trichoderma atroviride transcriptional regulator Xyr1 supports the induction of systemic resistance in plants.

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