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The SKIV2L RNA exosome limits activation of the RIG-I-like receptors.

ABSTRACT: Sensors of the innate immune system that detect intracellular nucleic acids must be regulated to prevent inappropriate activation by endogenous DNA and RNA. The exonuclease Trex1 regulates the DNA-sensing pathway by metabolizing potential DNA ligands that trigger it. However, an analogous mechanism for regulating the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) that detect RNA remains unknown. We found here that the SKIV2L RNA exosome potently limited the activation of RLRs. The unfolded protein response (UPR), which generated endogenous RLR ligands through the cleavage of cellular RNA by the endonuclease IRE-1, triggered the production of type I interferons in cells depleted of SKIV2L. Humans with deficiency in SKIV2L had a type I interferon signature in their peripheral blood. Our findings reveal a mechanism for the intracellular metabolism of immunostimulatory RNA, with implications for specific autoimmune disorders.

SUBMITTER: Eckard SC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4139417 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The SKIV2L RNA exosome limits activation of the RIG-I-like receptors.

Eckard Sterling C SC Rice Gillian I GI Fabre Alexandre A Badens Catherine C Gray Elizabeth E EE Hartley Jane L JL Crow Yanick J YJ Stetson Daniel B DB

Nature immunology 20140727 9

Sensors of the innate immune system that detect intracellular nucleic acids must be regulated to prevent inappropriate activation by endogenous DNA and RNA. The exonuclease Trex1 regulates the DNA-sensing pathway by metabolizing potential DNA ligands that trigger it. However, an analogous mechanism for regulating the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) that detect RNA remains unknown. We found here that the SKIV2L RNA exosome potently limited the activation of RLRs. The unfolded protein response (UPR), ...[more]

PMID: 25064072

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