Anticancer drug 2-methoxyestradiol protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammatory cytokines expression.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute renal failure and allograft dysfunction in kidney transplantation. ROS/inflammatory cytokines are involved in I/R injury. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an endogenous metabolite of estradiol, inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression and is an antiangiogenic and antitumor agent. We investigated the inhibitory effect of 2ME2 on renal I/R injury and possible molecular actions.

Methods

BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 2ME2 (10 or 20?mg/kg) or vehicle 12?h before and immediately after renal I/R experiments. The kidney weight, renal function, tubular damages, and apoptotic response were examined 24?h after I/R injury. The expression of mRNA of interleukin-1?, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF) ?, caspase-3, hypoxia inducible factor- (HIF) 1?, and proapoptotic Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19?kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) in kidney tissue was determined using RT-PCR, while the expression of nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B), BCL-2, and BCL-xL, activated caspase-9, and HIF-1? was determined using immunoblotting. In vitro, we determined the effect of 2ME2 on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell viability in antimycin-A-treated renal mesangial (RMC) and tubular (NRK52E) cells.

Results

Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly higher in mice with renal I/R injury than in sham control and in I/R+2ME2-treated mice. Survival in I/R+2ME2-treated mice was higher than in I/R mice. Histological examination showed that 2ME2 attenuated tubular damage in I/R mice, which was associated with lower expression TNF-?, IL-1?, caspase-9, HIF-1?, and BNIP3 mRNA in kidney tissue. Western blotting showed that 2ME2 treatment substantially decreased the expression of activated caspase-9, NF-?B, and HIF-1? but increased the antiapoptotic proteins BCL-2 and BCL-xL in kidney of I/R injury. In vitro, 2MR2 decreased ROS production and increased cell viability in antimycin-A-treated RMC and NRK52E cells.

Conclusions

2ME2 reduces renal I/R injury in mice because it inhibits the expression of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines and induces antiapoptotic proteins.

SUBMITTER: Chen YY 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4151070 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature